常用实验动物鼻上皮毒性病理学研究简介

目的 介绍常用实验动物鼻上皮毒性病理学研究进展,为吸入途径给药及非吸入途径药物临床前安全性评价毒性病理学研究提供参考.方法 系统介绍了常见实验动物鼻解剖学与组织学及其种属差异、常用实验动物组织病理学检查鼻腔上皮的取材方法、吸入药物引起的鼻上皮损伤的特点、使用吸入药物的动物数据来评估人类风险以及非吸入途径给药实验引起的鼻上皮病变特点和机制.结果 不同种属实验动物鼻大体和显微解剖学及组织学差别显著；常用实验动物例如大鼠、猴、比格犬及兔的组织病理学检查鼻腔上皮的取材方法各有其特点；吸入药物引起的鼻上皮损伤及非吸入途径给药实验引起的鼻上皮病变特点和机制有所不同.结论 本文可帮助提高国内常用实验动物鼻上皮的制片和诊断水平,为吸入药物及非吸入途径给药药物的临床前安全性评价提供更加客观、全面、准确的形态学数据.

Introduction of Toxicological Pathology Study of the Lesions of Nasal Epithelium of Common Laboratory Animals

Objective To introduce the progress of the toxicological p epithelium of common laboratory animals and provide references for the t the drugs administered by inhalation and noninhalation routes during the athology of the lesions of nasal oxicological pathology study of non-clinical safety evaluation. Methods In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed the anatomy, histology and species differences of nasal airways, the trimming methods of the nasal epithelium of the common laboratory animals, the characteristics of the nasal epithelial injuries induced by inhaled drugs, assessment of human risk from inhaled nasal toxicants using animal data, characteristics and the mechanisms of the nasal epithelial lesions induced by noninhaled drugs. Results There are significant differences in the gross and microscopic anatomy and histology of nasal airways among laboratory species. The trimming methods for the nasal epithelium of common laboratory animals including rat, monkey, Beagle dog and rabbit are different. Moreover, there are also many differences between the characteristics and the mechanisms of the nasal epithelial lesions induced by inhaled and noninhaled drugs. Conclusion This paper may be helpful for the improvement of the level of the slide preparation and diagnosis of the nasal epithelial lesions of the common laboratory animals, providing more objective, comprehensive and accurate morphological data for the nonclinical safety evaluation of the drugs administered by inhalation and non-inhalation routes.