重力鼻饲喂养法在 NICU 早产儿的应用效果

目的：探讨传统鼻饲喂养与重力鼻饲喂养对新生儿重症监护室（ NICU）早产儿的应用效果。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法，选取2012年8月-2013年6月新生儿科收治的胎龄＜34周、体质量＜2000 g、需鼻饲喂养的早产儿。根据住院号随机分为传统鼻饲喂养组（对照组）40例与重力鼻饲喂养（观察组）40例。比较两组患儿在达到全胃肠营养所需时间、住院时间、喂养耐受性及相关并发症方面的情况。结果观察组患儿在达到全胃肠营养所需时间、住院时间方面明显优于对照组（t分别为4．780，8．846；P＜0．05），且观察组的喂养耐受性更高，发生呼吸暂停比例更低（χ2分别为3．19，9．69；P＜0．05），而在腹胀、腹泻、坏死性小肠结肠炎方面差异无统计学意义（χ2分别为0．11，0．21；P＞0．05）。结论重力管饲喂养增强了早产儿的喂养耐受性，达到全胃肠营养所需时间和住院时间缩短，为生长发育奠定了良好的基础。

Application effect of gravity nasogastric feeding of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit

Objective To explore the application effect of traditional and gravity nasogastric feeding of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）. Methods Eighty preterm infants whose gestational age was less than 34 weeks and birth weight was lower than 2 000 g from August 2012 to June 2013 were chosen through the prospective randomized controlled study method and were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the hospitalization number, each with 40 cases. The control group received the traditional nasogastric feeding, and the observation group received the gravity nasogastric feeding. The time of achieving the total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization, the tolerance for feeding and the related complication were compared between two groups. Results The time of achieving the total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization in the observation group were significantly better than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant （ t = 4. 780, 8. 846, respectively ; P 〈 0.05 ）. The tolerance for feeding in the observation was higher than that of the control group, and the cases of apnea in the observation group were less than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （ X^2 = 3. 19, 9.69, respectively;P 〈 0. 05 ）. No differences were found in the abdominal distension, diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis between two groups （ X^2 = 0.11,0.2 I, respectively ; P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions Gravity nasogastric feeding can increase the tolerance for feeding in the preterm infants, and shorten the time of achieving the total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization in order to lay a good foundation for growth and development of preterm infants.