正交试验优选海通叶挥发油的提取工艺及其化学成分分析

目的:优选海通叶挥发油的提取工艺并分析其化学成分,为该药材的资源开发提供参考。方法:在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验考察加水量、浸泡时间、蒸馏时间和超声时间对提取工艺的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析海通叶挥发油的成分,通过峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对质量分数。结果:最佳提取工艺为加12倍量水浸泡12 h,蒸馏提取10 h,超声80 min,挥发油得率0.332%。共分离出59化合物,鉴定了其中53个化学成分,占总挥发油的95.14%。相对质量分数5%的化学成分有1-辛烯-3-醇(19.020%),芳樟醇(12.981%),植醇(11.768%),己烯醛(9.911%)及α-蒎烯(6.681%)。结论:优选的海通叶挥发油提取工艺稳定合理,挥发油的提取效率较高。海通叶挥发油主要化学成分为脂肪烃类和萜类及其衍生物。

Optimization of Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Clerodendrum mandarinorum Leaves with Orthogonal Design and Analysis of Its Chemical Components

Objective: To optimize extraction process of volatile oil from Clerodendrum mandarinorum leaves,and analyze its chemical components. Method: On the basis of single factor tests,the amount of water,soaking time,distillation time and ultrasonic time was optimized by orthogonal test.Chemical components in volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS,the relative content of each component was determined by peak area normalization method. Result: Optimum extraction technology conditions were as follows:soaked in 12 times the amount of water for 12 hours,distilled for 10 hours,ultrasonic time of 80 min.Yield of volatile oil was 0.332%.Fifty-nine compounds were separated and fifty-three of them were identified accounting for 95.14% of the total content.Chemical components were 1-octen-3-ol(19.020%),linalool(12.981%),phytol(11.768%),2-hexenal(9.911%),alpha-pinene(6.681%),whose relative mass fractions were greater than 5%. Conclusion: Orthogonal test can accurately select extraction process of volatile oil from C. mandarinorum leaves,this process is reasonable with high efficiency.Main components of volatile oil are aliphatic hydrocarbons,terpenes and their derivatives.