基于软件OpenSim的人体运动建模理论及其应用领域概述

红外捕捉系统、高速摄像、平面摄影、表面肌电测试等现行实验室测试手段不能显示人体运动时肌肉产生肌力的具体信息以及准确阐释神经-肌肉协调机制。因此,计算机模拟与仿真应运而生。目前,国内用来进行人体动作仿真的软件主要有Life MOD、Any Body、ANSYS等,这些软件有其自身的缺陷,如肌肉控制不够精确、价钱昂贵等。为了更好解决肌肉模拟问题,斯坦福大学团队研发了一款免费软件Open Sim,它是基于C++和JAVA语言开发的一款应用于肌肉模型开发、模拟仿真与分析神经肌肉系统的开放性软件。以计算机建模与数学理论推导为基础,对Open Sim建模理论和步骤进行详细介绍,为国内从事运动生物力学研究学者提供一些理论参考;同时,探讨未来利用Open Sim建模仿真研究的主要方向,例如通过Open Sim的模拟研究可以探求偏瘫步态、帕金森步态等异常步态的神经-肌肉机制,为异常步态康复手段的改进和完善提供依据。

Summary of software OpenSim with focus on its human motion modeling theory and application field

The current experimental methods, such as the motion capture system, high-speed video, plane photography and surface EMG, cannot show the details of the muscle strength, or explain the nerve-muscle coordination mechanism during human motion. Thus, computer modeling and simulation are developed and become a new method for researchers in China to study human motion, and the software LifeMOD, AnyBody, ANSYS are mainly used even if these softwares have some limitations such as less precise muscle control and relatively higher prices. Developed by Stanford University, OpenSim is an open-source platform for muscle model development, simulation and analysis of neuromuscular system based on C++ and Java. In this paper, on the basis of computer modeling and mathematics theoretical derivation, the OpenSim modeling theory and simulation steps were introduced in detail to provide some theoretical references for researches on sport biomechanics. The future research directions by using OpenSim modeling simulation to study neuromuscular mechanism of the hemiplegic gait and Parkinson gait, and to improve and perfect the rehabilitation ways of the abnormal gait were also discussed.