福建省2006-2010年土源性线虫感染的监测

目的分析福建省土源性线虫感染及变化情况,为制定该地区土源性线虫病防治策略与评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法 2006-2010年对福建省漳州市浦南镇浦南村和邵武市鼓山镇鼓山村两个监测点,每年11月份收集3岁以上的常住居民粪便,采用改良加藤氏厚涂片法粪检肠道蠕虫卵(一送三检);同时对同村3～12周岁儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫。另外,随机选择粪检阳性者的10户家庭,每年采集其居所附近的菜地、厕所周边、庭院和厨房等4种环境类型的土壤各1份,用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检测蛔虫卵污染情况,用直接镜检法判定蛔虫卵活力。结果 2006-2010年,监测点居民土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,从2006年的45.3%(946/2087)下降至2010年的15.1%(226/1494),下降率为66.6%。其中监测点各年蛔虫和鞭虫感染者所占的比例均低于10%,而钩虫感染者则占75%～85%;钩虫感染者中,90%以上为农民,65.2%～85.5%为轻度感染。儿童蛲虫感染率呈下降趋势,从2006年的46.1%(140/304)下降至2010年的29.8%(36/121),下降率为35.4%,但仍维持在较高的感染水平。检测100户家庭不同环境类型的土壤400份,发现蛔虫卵有21份,其中1份蛔虫卵具有活力。结论 2006-2010年2个监测点人群土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,但居民钩虫和儿童蛲虫仍维持在较高的感染水平。

Surveillance on the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Fujian in 2006-2010

Objective To analyze the prevalent trend of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Fujian Province during the past 5 year surveillance and evaluate the control effect.Methods From 2006 to 2010,fecal samples of the inhabitants of 3 years old and above were collected every November and examined for intestinal helminth eggs by the modified Kato’ s thick smear technique at the 2 surveillance sites:Punan village of Zhangzhou and Gushan village of Shaowu.Cellophane tapes were used to detect pinworm eggs for children aged 3-12.Soil samples were also collected from vegetable field,lavatory,courtyard and kitchen of 20 randomly selected families(in 2 villages) each with stool egg-positive findings and examined for ascaris eggs by a modified saturated sodium nitrate floatation method.Results The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infection at the surveillance sites decreased from 45.3%(946/2 087) in 2006 to 15.1%(226/1 494) in 2010,with a reduction of 66.6%.Among the infected subjects,hookworm infection occupied 75%-85%,while ascaris or trichuris infections each accounted for less than 10%.In terms of infection intensity, 65.2%-85.5%of the hookworm infection was light,and majority of the infected subjects were farmers.The pinworm prevalence in children were still high although it had dropped down from 46.1%(140/304) in 2006 to 29.8%(36/121) in 2010,declined by 35.4%.In the 5 years,totally 400 soil samples from 100 families were examined and 21 samples were found ascaris egg positive with viable eggs in only one sample.Conclusion The 5 year surveillance reveals a decreasing trend of the soil-transmitted nematode prevalence but shows a relatively high hookworm infection rate in the population and pinworm infection in children.