湖北省淋巴丝虫病的流行、控制与消除历程

湖北省曾是丝虫病流行较为严重的省份,全省69个县(市)有丝虫病流行,流行区总人口2900万,丝虫病感染者约200万,其中微丝蚴血症者约160万,慢性丝虫病患者约40万,人群平均微丝蚴率5.94%,中华按蚊和致倦库蚊为主要传播媒介。1970～1980年全省采取以消灭传染源为主的防治策略开展大规模防治,1988年以村为单位人群微丝蚴率降至0.048%,达到卫生部颁布的基本消除丝虫病标准。通过10余年的监测和跟踪治疗,2001年全省实现消除丝虫病。本文从湖北省消除淋巴丝虫病的技术方法、措施和策略等方面,对湖北省丝虫病的流行、控制与消除的历程进行概述。

Lymphatic filariasis in Hubei Province: from prevailing to elimination

Lymphatic filariasis used to highly prevalent in 69 counties (cities) with 29 million people at the risk of infection in Hubei Province. There were 2 million people infected either by B. malayi or W. bancrofti that 1.6 million microfilaremia cases and 0.4 million chronic patients. The average rate of microfilaremia among population was 5.94%. Anopheles sinensis and Culex quinquefasciatus were the principal transmitting vectors. Since 1970s, with the strategy of taking elimination of infection source as a major focus, the average rate of the microfilaremia reduced to 0.048% with a village as the unit in 1988, and reached the standard of transmission interruption. With continuous surveillence for over a decade, the province reached the goal of filariasis elimination in 2001. This paper reviews the prevalence, control and elimination process of filariasis in Hubei Province since 1950s.