外科ICU医院感染临床特点和护理措施

目的分析ICU住院患者医院感染临床特点,为临床护理提供参考。方法将2011年1月至2013年6月我院外科ICU发生的116例医院感染病例作为观察组,外科住院患者发生的72例医院感染病例为对照组,采取回顾性调查方法分析医院感染危险因素,并对护理相关问题进行讨论。结果 ICU患者发生医院感染率为8.44%,同期普通病房患者医院感染率为4.43%,ICU医院感染发生率明显高于普通病房(P0.05)。无论ICU患者还是普通病房患者,呼吸道和泌尿道都是医院感染常发生部位。ICU医院感染病死率9.48%,高于外科普通病房的4.17%,P0.05。ICU和普通病房医院感染与患者年龄、住院时间、接受损伤性操作、抗菌药物或免疫抑制剂使用和意识障碍有明显关系(P0.01)。结论 ICU医院感染率明显高于普通病房,感染部位主要是呼吸道和泌尿道;医院感染与多种因素有关,关键是要建立有效的防治机制和护理措施。

Features and nursing strategies for patients with nosocomial infection in ICU

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and nursing measures of infection in hospital ICU, and to provide the refer- ence for clinical nursing. Methods From January 2010 to June 2013,116 patients with nosocomial infection in surgical ICU were collected as observation group,and 72 patients with nosocomial infection in the surgery were as the control group. The risk factors of nosocomial infec- tion were retrospectively analyzed, and the problems related to nursing were discussed. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 8.44% in ICU, which was significantly higher than the surgical infection rate （4.43 % ） in general ward （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Whether patients in ICU or surgery ward,respiratory and urinary tract infections were the most common site of nosocomial infection. The mortality rate in ICU was 9.48% ,which was higher than that of nosoeomial infection in surgical ward （4.17%） ,P 〈0.05. The nosocomial infections were obviously related to the age of patients, duration of hospitalization, the invasive operation, antibiotic and immunosuppressive agents and disturbance of consciousness in ICU and general wards （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The ICU nosocomial infection rate was significantly higher than that in general ward, the main infection sites are respiratory tract and urinary tract,with a variety of factors ,the key is to establish the mechanism of prevention and ef- fective nursing strategy.