预防与治疗性结核病疫苗的研究进展

迄今为止,结核病(Tuberculosis,TB)唯一被批准用于预防TB的疫苗是100多年前由牛分枝杆菌减毒而成的卡介苗(BCG)。BCG可预防小儿TB,但还无法预防成人感染TB。此外耐多药TB(MDR-TB)患者不断增多,这使全球TB感染的发病率及死亡率下降仍达不到世界卫生组织(WHO)的目标。因此,需要一种新的有效的TB疫苗和基础-增强免疫策略来替代BCG预防TB的感染。在这篇综述中,我们分析了目前已研发的预防和治疗性疫苗以及疫苗佐剂的研究进展,目的是使我们对TB的感染和防控的现状有全面的了解。

Research progress of prophylactic and therapeutic tuberculosis vaccines

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease. So far, the only vaccine approved for TB prevention is the BCG. BCG vaccine made from Mycobacterium bovis in more than 100 years ago, can prevent TB infection in children. Since BCG function is of cellular immunity and lack of immunogenicity, it can’t prevent TB infection in adults. In addition, the number of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) infections is increasing, the global reduction in the incidence and mortality of TB infections still falls short of the World Health Organization (WHO) target. Therefore, a new and effective TB vaccine as well as a basic-enhanced immunization strategy is needed to replace BCG in the prevention of TB infection. In this review, we summarize the clinical candidate vaccines for prophylactic and therapeutic functions, with the aim of making us to understand more situations about the prevention and control of TB.