经颅超声在帕金森病诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用进展

帕金森病（Parkinson''s disease，PD）是临床常见神经变性病，经颅超声(Transcranial sonography，TCS)发现黑质异常高回声(Substantia nigra，SN+)是PD诊断和鉴别诊断的重要辅助检查。但SN+出现的原因不甚清楚，其与症状严重程度的相关性仍有较大争议，与临床分型及分期方面的关系未有定论，TCS亦可通过对中脑中缝和基底节区的探查，提示几种运动及情感障碍的鉴别，越来越多的研究正在不断拓宽TCS在临床实践中的使用。

Progress in the application of transcranial ultrasound in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson''s disease (PD) is a common clinical neurodegenerative disease second to Alzheimer''s disease. Substantia nigra substantia nigra hyperechogenicity(SN+) found by transcranial sonography(TCS) is an important examination for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD. However, the cause of SN+ is not clear, its correlation with symptom severity is still controversial, and its relationship with clinical classification and staging has not been determined. TCS can also identify several motor and affective disorders through the exploration of midbrain raphe and basal ganglia, and more and more studies are expanding the use of TCS in clinical practice.