孤立性小腿深静脉血栓的超声诊断

目的　探讨孤立性小腿深静脉血栓的声像图特点及超声诊断方法。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声检查小腿肌肉内深静脉 (比目鱼肌静脉、腓肠肌静脉 )、胫后静脉、腓静脉、胫前静脉 ,以及静脉以上近端深静脉是否有血栓形成。结果　检出的 13例孤立性小腿深静脉血栓中 ,77%为小腿肌肉内深静脉受累 ,少数为腓静脉及胫后静脉受累 ,未发现胫前静脉单独受累者 ;比目鱼肌内的单支静脉血栓为最常见的类型 ,且半数合并近端深浅静脉返流。结论　超声检查能够有效地检出孤立性小腿深静脉血栓病变 ,小腿深静脉特别是肌肉内深静脉应包括在下肢深静脉检查常规之中。

Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Analysis of Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis

Objective To analyze the sonographic characteristics and diagnostic methods of isolated calf vein thrombosis. Methods The muscular vein as soleal veins and gastrocnemial veins, the posterior tibial veins, the peroneal veins, the anterior tibial veins, together with the proximal deep veins above the knee, were imaged to show if there were thrombi in the veins. Results Thirteen cases of isolated calf vein thrombosis were detected. In 77% cases the calf muscular veins were involved, the others included peroneal veins or posterior tibial veins, and there was no involvement of anterior tibial veins. The thrombosis of a single vein in the soleus muscle was the most common pattern, and in half cases the venous reflux of the proximal deep or superficial veins was also found. Conclusion Ultrasound is effective in diagnosis of isolated calf vein thrombosis, and the calf veins should be examined routinely, especially the soleal and gastrocnemial veins.