Hippocampus, amygdala and global brain changes 10 years after childhood traumatic brain injury |
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Authors: | MH Beauchamp M Ditchfield JJ MallerC Catroppa C GodfreyJV Rosenfeld MJ Kean VA Anderson |
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Institution: | a Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada b Research Center, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada c Murdoch Children''s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia d Department of Medicine, Monash University, Australia e Monash Medical Center, Melbourne, Australia f Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Australia g Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia h Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia i Department of Surgery, Monash University, Australia j Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Australia |
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Abstract: | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children results in damage to the developing brain, particularly in severely injured individuals. Little is known, however, of the long-term structural aspects of the brain following childhood TBI. This study investigated the integrity of the brain 10 years post-TBI using magnetic resonance imaging volumetrics in a sample of 49 participants with mild, moderate and severe TBI, evaluated against a normative sample of 20 individuals from a pediatric database with comparable age and gender distribution. Structural integrity was investigated in gray and white matter, and by manually segmenting two regions of interest (hippocampus, amygdala), potentially vulnerable to the effects of childhood TBI. The results indicate that more severe injuries caused a reduction in gray and white brain matter, while all TBI severity levels resulted in increased volumes of cerebrospinal fluid and smaller hippocampal volumes. In addition, enlarged amygdala volumes were detected in severely injured patients compared to their mild and moderate counterparts, suggesting that childhood TBI may disrupt the development of certain brain regions through diffuse pathological changes. The findings highlight the lasting impact of childhood TBI on the brain and the importance of monitoring brain structure in the long-term after early injury. |
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Keywords: | CSF cerebrospinal fluid GCS Glasgow Coma Score GM gray matter HC hippocampus MRI magnetic resonance imaging TBI traumatic brain injury WM white matter |
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