186例晚期肝病患者并发原发性腹膜炎的诊断与治疗

目的 为提高治疗晚期肝病患者并发原发性腹膜炎的疗效,改善预后。方法 以肝硬化、重型肝炎伴发腹膜炎患者为研究对象,详细记录患者的体温、腹部症状、体征、血象、腹水中多核细胞数和腹水培养情况。在输注血浆、白蛋白等对症支持治疗的基础上,根据药敏试验和临床经验使用适当的抗菌素,观察患者体温、腹部症状及体征的转归情况。结果 同期收治的晚期肝病患者275例中确诊或疑诊为原发性腹膜炎患者共186例,伴有不同程度的腹胀、腹痛、腹部压痛和张力增高等症状体征,感染率约67.6％。体温高于37.4℃ 138例;外周血白细胞计数大于10×10~9/L 106例;中性粒细胞分类大于80％有137例;腹水中多核细胞计数大于250个/mm~3 103例。腹水培养结果仅29例患者细菌培养阳性。治愈82例,好转17例,无效、恶化18例,死亡69例。结论 晚期肝病伴发腹膜炎的症状体征不够典型,腹水培养阳性率低,及时有效的使用合适的抗菌素治疗,能提高疗效、改善预后。

Diagnosis and therapy of 186 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients with end-stage liver disease

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis and treatment level of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the patients with advanced liver disease, get better curative effect and prognosis. METHODS: Registered the body temperature, symptoms and signs in the abdomen, and blood routine test, the polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, and ascites culture in the patients with cirrhosis and fulminant hepatitis. These patients were given supporting therapies including use plasma and albumin as well as antibiotics treatment according to drug sensitivity or empiric. Changes of the body temperature, symptoms and signs were used to evaluate the effect of therapy. RESULTS: 186 of 275 inward patients with end-stage liver disease during this period were considered as SBP by ascites culture or clinical experience with various degree symptoms and signs such as pain, distention, higher tension and touch pain in the abdomen. Infective rate was 67.6%. Among them 138 patients had abnormal body temperature more than 37.4 degrees C. 106 patients with leukocyte count in the peripheral blood more than 10 x 10(9)/L; 137 patients with PMN more than 80% in differential cell count; 103 patients with PMN more than 250/mm(3) in ascites. Only 29 patients were culture positive. 82 patients were cured, 17 patients with improvement, 18 patients with inefficacy or deterioration. 42 patients died of hepatic-renal failure and 27 patients died because of upper alimentary tract bleeding, respectively. CONCLUSION: Signs and symptoms of SBP were atypical in the patients with end-stage liver disease. Ascites culture positive rate was not high. Early diagnosis and proper use antibiotics according to culture and empirics were important to increase effect and improve prognosis