SARS在香港的流行病学调查与防治

目的 总结香港特区严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)流行病学的调查结果与防治经验。方法 回顾SARS疫症在香港的爆发经过,收集有关资料,进行流行病学分析;介绍政府从公共卫生角度采取的一系列防疫的行政措施。结果 根据流行病学调查,该病潜伏期一般为2～7d,亦可长达十多日。SARS病毒的主要传播途径是经飞沫传播,即接触到患者分泌物的飞沫或污染的传病媒介。感染者多为医护人员及与患者有紧密接触者。采取控制疫情的措施包括：第一、控制传染源,做到早发现、早诊断、早报告、早隔离和早治疗。第二、切断传播途径。第三、保护易感人群。第四、公布疫情资料。同时也配合其他措施,包括出入境检疫措施、与病人接触者的隔离措施、学校停课等,使得香港的SARS疫情日趋稳定。结论 防治传染病要制定宏观统筹的策略,进行有效的监察,发现疫情时应采取快速果断的防疫措施。

The epidemiological findings and the experience in the prevention and control of SARS in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological findings and the experience in the prevention and control of SARS in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. METHOD: The outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong was reviewed. Relevant data was collected and epidemiological studies conducted. Preventive measures taken by the Government from the public health perspective were introduced. RESULT: Based on the results of epidemiological investigation, the incubation period of SARS typically ranges from 2 - 7 days, but can be over 10 day. Transmission of SARS is mainly through respiratory droplets, and contacts with objects contaminated with a patient's respiratory droplets and secretions. Most of the SARS patients are health care workers and close contacts of SARS patients. Outbreak control measures include: firstly, controlling the source of infection through early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment: secondly, break the chain of transmission: thirdly, protecting the vulnerable; and fourthly, dissemination of information. At the same time, specific measures which include health checks at border points, home confinement of contacts and school suspension were taken. All of these measures help contain the SARS outbreak. CONCLUSION: Prevention of infectious diseases calls for macro and integrated strategies as well as effective surveillance. Decisive and prompt actions are necessary to control epidemics.