| Abstract: | To diagnose a vesicoureteral reflux, a new examination X-ray procedure was developed avoiding bladder catheterization: panurography. Panurography is a combination of excretion and micturition urography which for screening purposes can be performed in a single investigation without bladder catheterization. Recent advances in uroradiological imaging techniques with growing application of low-dose large-format image intensifier urography (14" image intensifier) not only reduce radiation exposure to less than 20% of that in conventional film-screen radiography, but also permit obtaining voiding cystograms which include the whole urinary tract from the kidneys to the urethra in children. Voiding conditions are improved by means of a comfortable micturition seat coupled with a uroflowmeter which automatically triggers exposures by a 10 cm-camera at preselected intervals as long as a measurable urine flow exists. |
