患者医院感染相关因素分析及控制措施探讨

目的了解医院感染的发病率、漏报率、科别感染率和部位感染率,加强医院感染的预防和控制。方法对我院1998～2004年的129103位住院患者及5512例医院感染患者进行回顾性调查,采用回归分析和率的检验进行分析研究。结果医院感染率4.3%、漏报率9.6%,科别感染率内科6.2%、外科3.2%、妇产科6.1%、儿科4.9%、五官科0.4%、肿瘤科3.2%、传染科4.5%;部位医院感染率下呼吸道1.31%、上呼吸道0.81%、胃肠道0.51%、手术伤口0.45%、皮肤0.35%、泌尿道0.31%、其他部位0.53%。结论全面加强医院感染的预防与控制、健全制度、规范管理、全员教育、全院参与、全面监测、科学防控,是降低医院感染发生率、提高医疗质量、减轻病人负担、确保医疗安全的有效措施。

Control and Prevent of Hospital Acquired Infection in A Third-class Hospital

Objective To investigate the hospital acquired infection rate, missing reporting rate, infection rate of various specialties, and methods that can strengthen prevention of hospital acquired infection and control.Methods Retrospective review using regression analysis on data collected from 129 103 inpatient and 5 512 discharged case notes with hospital acquired infection from 1998 to 2004 was performed. Results The hospital acquired infection rates is 4.3%, miss reporting rate is 9.6%. The infection rate of internal medicine is 6.2%, 3.2% for surgery, 6.1% for obstetrics and gynaecology, 4.9% for paediatrics, 0.4% for facial department, 3.2% for oncology, 4.5% for department of infectious diseases. The pattern for hospital acquired infection rate is 1.31% for lower respiratory and 0.81% for upper respiratory tract, 0.45% for surgical wound, 0.51% for the gastrointestinal tract, 0.31% for urinary tract, 0.35% for the skin, and 0.53% for the other parts of the body. Conclusion Comprehensive strengthening of infection control and prevention in hospital with system improvement, quality management, training for all staff and continuous monitoring, can reduce hospital acquired infection rate, resulting in improving quality of care, reduction of financial burdens to patients, and ultimately ensure the safety of medical care.