心脏组织工程中细胞和生物支架的研究热点

文题释义：心脏组织工程：是基于组织工程的技术和原理，利用合适来源的细胞和生物支架制造心脏移植物，用于代替受损心脏组织或促进心肌细胞增殖，以恢复或改善心脏功能的技术。 生物支架：是组织工程技术中用于对细胞成分起支撑作用的移植物，其构成成分类似于细胞外基质成分，部分支架具有孔隙等允许血液中氧气及营养物质通过。 背景：心脏组织工程技术的出现和发展，为心血管疾病尤其是心肌梗死的治疗提供了新的选择。 目的：通过对心脏组织工程的2个核心要素即细胞和生物支架的研究进展进行综述，以期为心脏组织工程技术应用于心血管疾病治疗提供参考及依据。 方法：通过检索PubMed 数据库及中国知网数据库2010至2019年期间心脏组织工程相关文章，以“cardiac tissue engineering，cardiomyocytes differentiation，cardiac tissue engineering，cardiomyocytes differentiation，bone marrow derived stem cells，human embryonic stem cells，induced pluripotent stem cells，menstrual blood stem cells，biological scaffolds”为英文检索词，以“心脏组织工程，心肌细胞分化，干细胞，生物支架”等为中文检索词，最终选择78篇英文文献纳入研究。 结果与结论：多种来源的细胞(包括心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、心脏成纤维细胞、骨髓来源干细胞、胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、月经血干细胞)和生物支架(包括水凝胶、脱细胞支架、细胞片及心脏芯片)都可应用于心脏组织工程，但心脏组织工程仍然存在诸多需要解决的问题，如合适的细胞来源、新型支架材料的研发、诱导分化技术的优化，植入时机及途径的优化。 ORCID:0000-0003-2763-5535(王萍) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

Hot issues of research on cells and biological scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering

BACKGROUND: The emergence and development of cardiac tissue engineering provide a new choice for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially for treating myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of two core elements(cells and biological scaffolds) in cardiac tissue engineering, thereby providing reference and basis for the application of cardiac tissue engineering in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Articles addressing cardiac tissue engineering in PubMed and CNKI databases published from 2010 to 2019 were searched. The search terms were ―cardiac tissue engineering, cardiomyocytes differentiation, bone marrow derived stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, menstrual blood stem cells, biological scaffolds‖ in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 78 eligible English articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many kinds of cells(such as chondrocytes, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, bone marrow derived stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and menstrual blood-derived stem cells) and biological scaffolds(hydrogel, decellularized scaffold, cell sheet and cardiac chip) can be applied in cardiac tissue engineering. But there are still many problems to be solved in cardiac tissue engineering, such as suitable cell sources, development of novel scaffold materials, optimization of induced differentiation technology, optimization of implantation time and route.