生物打印在肌肉骨骼界面重建中的应用

文题释义：生物打印：是一种能够在数字三维模型辅助下，根据增材制造原理定位装配生物材料或细胞单元，从而制备组织工程支架和组织器官等制品的一种新兴技术。肌肉骨骼界面：是指肌肉骨骼系统中存在的一系列结构、功能和工程相似的部位，其通过肌肉和骨骼附着实现平滑连接，通常这些界面主要包括骨-肌腱、骨-韧带和骨-软骨等。其工作原理和潜在机制使它们成为组织的独特分支，其在细胞组分上显著不同，但在结构和功能上是一致的。背景：肌肉骨骼损伤和退行性疾病的手术治疗常涉及肌肉骨骼界面的重建，而实现肌肉骨骼界面与周围宿主组织的生物整合的关键是制造具有精确结构和不同材料的替代物。生物打印技术获得的人工组织可与天然肌肉骨骼界面组织具有相似的物理结构和生物活性。目的：介绍肌肉骨骼界面组织的结构和生物功能特性，以及生物打印技术在肌肉骨骼界面重建中的应用。方法：由第一作者以“bioprinting, musculoskeletalinterface，生物打印，肌肉骨骼界面”为关键词，检索2005至2019年期间PubMed、Web ofScience、Springerlink、Medline、万方、CNKI数据库中的相关文献。初检文章201篇，筛选后对60篇文章进行分析。结果与结论：理想的生物打印肌肉骨骼界面移植物必须结构上与原界面组织相对应，以维持体内多变的生物力学环境；其次，植入之后必须保持这些植入物的生物活性，以开始修复和替换缺陷区域的功能。生物打印技术的发展为解决肌肉骨骼界面的重建带来了希望，但其仍然存在许多挑战：仿生功能性界面结构机械性能的提高、多个仿生结构的整合、生物打印结构的血管化，以及对力学刺激在界面组织发育和再生中的作用缺乏深入的研究。对于未来界面组织工程的研究方向，可以预料的是将种子细胞、细胞因子和基因治疗，以及生物反应器纳入界面组织工程支架中的一大热点，为解决界面组织整合这一难题提供创新性的解决方案。ORCID: 0000-0002-6668-5036(张君伟)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

Application of bioprinting in reconstruction of musculoskeletal interface

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of musculoskeletal interface is commonly involved in musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative diseases, while the key problem to achieve biological integration with the surrounding host tissues of musculoskeletal interface is fabricating substitution with precisely structural and material distribution. Bioprinting has made it possible to achieve artificial tissues with spat ial controlled heterogeneity of physical properties and bioactive composition similar to native musculoskeletal interface tissues. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the structural and biofunctional properties of musculoskeletal interface tissues, as well as the application of bioprinting in the reconstruction of musculoskeletal interface. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink, Medline, WanFang and CNKI databases with "bioprinting, musculoskeletal interface" as English and Chinese search terms for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2019. Initially, 201 articles were retrieved, and finally 60 eligible articles were selected for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ideal bioprinted musculoskeletal interface grafts must be anisotropic as their native counterparts to sustain the changeful biomechanical environment in vivo. In addition, bioactivities of these implants must be preserved to initiate repair and replace the functions of defect area. The development of bioprinting approaches has brought promising prospect for the reconstruction of musculoskeletal interface, but there are still many challenges, such as the improvement of mechanical properties of bionic functional interface structure, the integration of multiple bionic structures, the vascularization of bioprinting structure, and the lack of in-depth research on the role of mechanical stimulation in the development and regeneration of interface tissue. For the future research direction of inter face tissue engineering, it can be expected that seed cells, cytokines and gene therapy, as well as bioreactors will be included in the interface tissue engineering scaffolds, which will provide innovative solutions to solve the problem of interface tissue integration.