福建省鼠伤寒沙门菌噬菌体型及耐药性检测

据１９７５年以来临测，福建省鼠伤寒沙门菌占沙门菌总数的２９．４３％，其噬菌体型常见有７种，但以７７７４型为王体，占４６．６％。对抗生素耐药性方面，９０年代初期较８０年代前期有极显著增加，氨基甙类丁胺卡那霉素外，耐药菌株增至５７．０％－７２．０％；老一代青霉素类与四环素类．硝基呋喃类增至７０．０％左右；对新一代广谱青霉素亦已迅速出现高比例的耐药菌株；对第一代与第二代头孢菌素类均已出现耐药菌株，仅对第三代敏感；对喹诺酮类部分品种已出现２０．０％的耐药菌株，但对氟呱酸、氟嗪酸、环丙氟哌酸仍全敏。８０年代初期多耐菌株主要集中在２或３耐占９７．０％，无６耐以上菌株；至９０年代前期２或３耐菌株降至２０．０％以内，而１０耐以上菌株则猛升至６６．０％，占主导地位。鼠伤寒菌耐药率的增加，耐药谱的加宽，多耐菌株的广泛出现已成为防治工作上亟待解决的问题。

The Phagetype and Detection of Drug-resistance of Salmonella Typhi-muriun in Fujian Province

Salmonella typhimurium has accounted for 29.43% of total Salmonella according to the surveillance in Fujian province since 1975. Seven common phagetypes of S.typhimurium were found. The principal phagetype was 7774, which accounted for 46.6% of all phagetypes. S.typhimurium was significantly more resistant to antibiotics in early 1990''s than in the 1980''s. 57%-72% of the S.typhimurium strains were resistant to aminoglycosides (except amikacin), about 70% were strains resistant to first generation penicillins and tetracyclins while a high proportion of S.typhimurium strains have rapidly become resistant to new broad-spectrum penicillins. The strains of S.typhimurium which are resistant to the first and the second generation of cephalothins become sensitive only to the third generation of cephalo thins. There has been 20% of S.typhimurium strains resistant to some types of quinolones. All S.typhimurium were sensitive to norfloxacin,ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. In the early 1980''s resistant strains to 2-3 kinds of antibiotics accounted for 97%, and nostrains was resistant to more then 6 kinds of antibiotics. In the early 1990''s. the strain resistant to 2-3 kinds of antibiotics were less than 20%; while strains resistant to more than 10 kinds of antibiotics were 66%. The increasing rate of resistant strains to antibiotics with widening of drug resistant pattern and the extensive appearance of multiresistant strains have become serious problems to be solved.