口腔扁平苔藓患者唾液细菌组和真菌组结构解析

  目的  探索口腔扁平苔藓（oral lichen planus, OLP）患者口腔细菌组、真菌组与健康对照（healthy, H）之间的差异，细菌组-真菌组的共现模式以及OLP患者口腔细菌组与宿主免疫之间的联系。  方法  收取临床OLP患者（n=35）和健康志愿者（n=18）的唾液，提取微生物组DNA进行细菌16S rRNA测序和真菌内转录间隔区2（internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2）测序，生物信息学分析数据。检测唾液中炎症因子白细胞介素（interleukin, IL）-17和IL-23的质量浓度，并分析其与细菌的相关性。  结果  OLP患者唾液细菌组和真菌组与H组整体群落结构差异不明显。唾液细菌组中普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）和Solobacterium在OLP组有显著增高的丰度（P<0.05），唾液真菌组中念珠菌属（Candida）和曲霉菌属（Aspergillus）的相对丰度显著增加（P<0.05）。唾液细菌-真菌组的共现模式表明，虽然上述差异菌属之间无相关，但曲霉菌属与细菌属的相互关系在H组和OLP组中发生了转变，即OLP组的共现关系减少。唾液IL-17水平在OLP组中明显升高，IL-17及临床评分均与卟啉单胞菌属（Porphyromonas）丰度显著相关。  结论  口腔普雷沃菌属、Solobacterium、念珠菌属和曲霉菌属丰度增加与OLP发病相关，群落共现关系的改变和宿主免疫的变化可能参与OLP致病机制。

Structural Analysis of Salivary Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome in Oral Lichen Planus Patients

  Objective  To explore the differences of oral mycobiome and bacteriome between the healthy controls (H) and oral lichen planus (OLP) patients, and the co-occurrence patterns of the salivary mycobiome and bacteriome and the association with host immunity.   Methods  Saliva samples were collected from clinical OLP patients (n=35) and healthy volunteers (n=18). Microbiome DNA was extracted for bacterial 16S rRNA genes sequencing and fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the data.The levels of IL-17 and IL-23, two pro-inflammatory cytokines, in the saliva were examined, and their correlation with the bacteria was analyzed.  Results  There was no significant difference in the overall community structure of the mycobiome and the bacteriome between OLP patients and healthy controls. The abundance of Prevotella and Solobacterium in the saliva bacteriome was significantly increased in the OLP group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Candida and Aspergillus in the saliva mycobiome was also significantly increased (P<0.05). The co-occurrence pattern of the salivary mycobiome and bacteriome showed that the aforementioned difference was not related. However, the correlation between Aspergillus and bacteria was altered in the H group and the OLP group, and co-occurrence was reduced in the latter group. The level of IL-17 in the saliva was significantly increased in the OLP group. IL-17 and clinical scores were significantly correlated with the abundance of Porphyromonas.  Conclusion  The increased abundance of Prevotella, Solobacterium, Candida, and Aspergillus was associated with the pathogenesis of OLP, and the changes of the microbiome co-occurrence relationship and host immunity may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLP.