新型冠状病毒Delta变异株引起的宁波市镇海区本土疫情传播链分析

目的调查新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)Delta变异株引起的宁波市镇海区本土聚集性疫情, 分析其传播链, 为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控提供参考依据。方法资料来源于现场调查收集2021年12月6-18日宁波市镇海区新冠病毒感染者个案信息。采用现场流行病学调查方法, 描述COVID-19病例流行病学特征和传播链。结果首例病例为途经中风险地区, 直接或间接接触阳性感染者而感染新冠病毒, 后继出现家庭内聚集性疫情, 并通过工作、生活、艾灸养生活动等密切接触而传播。疫情共持续14 d, 共报告确诊病例74例, 潜伏期M(Q1, Q3)为4.0(3.0, 5.8)d。所有病例均在一条传播链上, 传播6代以上, 代间距M(Q1, Q3)为3.5(2.0, 5.3)d。基因测序结果为Delta变异株(AY.4进化分支), 流行病学调查和基因测序结果均显示宁波市镇海区本土疫情与上海市疫情为同一起关联疫情。结论本起疫情传播链清晰, Delta变异株(AY.4进化分支)具有明显的家庭、封闭场馆、集中居住地聚集性, 要加强重点区域、重点人群健康管理, 提高核酸检测频次。

Transmission chains of local epidemic of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Zhenhai district, Ningbo

Objective To investigate the local epidemic of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Zhenhai district of Ningbo, identify the transmission chain and provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods The incidence data of COVID-19 in Zhenhai from 6 to 18 December, 2021 were collected in field investigation. Field epidemiological investigation was conducted to understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases and analyze the transmission chains. Results The first case might be infected with 2019-nCoV through direct or indirect exposure when passing through a medium-risk area, then a family cluster was caused, and the epidemic spread through close contacts of family members with others such as work, daily life, and moxibustion. The epidemic lasted for 14 days, and 74 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported. The median incubation period was 4.0(3.0,5.8)d. All the cases were in a chain of transmission for more than 6 generations, and the intergenerational interval was 3.5(2.0,5.3)d. The gene sequencing result indicated that the pathogen was Delta AY.4 variant of 2019-nCoV. Both the epidemiological investigation and the gene sequencing results supported that the local COVID-19 epidemic in Zhenhai was associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai.Conclusions The transmission chain of this epidemic was clear. Delta AY.4 variant has obvious characteristic to cause case clusters in families, places with poor ventilation, and residential communities. It is suggested to strengthen the health management in key areas and key populations, and increase the frequency of nucleic acid testing.