混合牙列期间隙管理的专家共识

混合牙列期是乳牙列向恒牙列转化的过渡期，生物学过程复杂多变，伴随颌骨生长、继承恒牙胚发育、乳牙牙根的生理性吸收、周围牙槽骨的改建及软组织的生长和功能的建立。混合牙列期的乳恒牙是否正常替换，对颌骨的正常发育、良好咬合关系的建立和软组织的发育及其功能发挥起着十分重要的影响。而乳恒牙的正常替换与恒牙萌出间隙密切相关。混合牙列间隙异常不仅直接关系此期错畸形的发生、发展，甚至影响、颌及面的正常生长发育。因此，混合牙列期的间隙管理是预防、降低错畸形发生率及严重程度的重要手段。本文从混合牙列期可能出现的间隙问题、影响间隙大小的原因、混合牙列期间隙管理需要评估的内容和间隙管理的方法等方面进行讨论和分析，以期为规范化混合牙列期间隙管理提供参考。

Experts' consensus on space management of mixed dentition

The mixed dentition stage is the period between primary and permanent dentition. The following biological processes are complicated and variable: jaw growth, development of inherited permanent teeth embryo, physiological absorption of primary teeth, restoration of surrounding alveolar bones, and growth and function establishment of soft tissues. For the normal development of the jaw, the establishment of the good occlusion relationship, development, and function of soft tissue is very important, whether or not the primary teeth are normally replaced by the permanent teeth in the mixed dentition stage. The eruption space is linked to the normal replacement of primary and permanent teeth. The presence of a mixed dentition space results in the incidence and progression of malocclusion and impacts the normal growth and development of the occlusion, jaw, and face. Space management in the mixed dentition stage is a crucial means to prevent and reduce malocclusion. The following were discussed and analyzed: the possible space problems, why the size of the space was affected, the content that needs to be assessed, and the methods of space management in the mixed dentition that can be used to unify and standardize the management of mixed dentition. This paper was developed to serve as a guide for regulated space management during the mixed dentition period.