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Regulatory role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) |
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| Authors: | Olli Arjamaa Mikko Nikinmaa Antero Salminen Kai Kaarniranta |
| Affiliation: | a Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland b Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland c Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland d Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland e Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland |
| Abstract: | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly throughout the world. AMD is attributed to a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by degeneration involving the retinal photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and Bruch's membrane, as well as alterations in choroidal capillaries. Aging and age-associated degenerative diseases, such as AMD, are intimately associated with decreased levels of tissue oxygenation and hypoxia that may induce accumulation of detrimental RPE-associated deposits, inflammation and neovascularization processes in retina. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master regulator for hypoxia-induced cellular adaptation that is involved in NF-κB signaling and the autophagic protein clearance system. In this review, we discuss role of HIF in AMD pathology and as a possible therapeutic target. |
| Keywords: | AMD Hypoxia Inflammation Oxidative stress |
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