老年人颞下颌关节脱位的病因分析及预防

目的：分析老年人好发颞下颌关节脱位的病因、治疗方法并提出预防措施。方法：总结近5年156例老年人颞下颌关节脱位的临床资料，针对好发病因、复位方法与保持、预防措施进行探讨。结果：本组病例中112例为口外法复位，44例为口内法复位，全部复位成功。修复牙列缺失，以咬合板诱导恢复咬合关系，加强咀嚼肌功能锻炼可预防颞下颌关节脱位的发生。结论：老年人颞下颌关节脱位多与老年人伴发脑血管病、脑萎缩，牙列缺失，营养失衡导致的咀嚼肌群功能与自主调节性减退有关。提高老年人生活质量，控制与延缓脑萎缩并加强咬合诱导锻炼，是预防老年人颞下颌关节脱位的关键。

Analysis of etiopathogenisis and prevention of temporomandibular joint dislocation in old people

Objective: To analyse etiopathogenisis, clinical treatment of temporomandibular joint dislocation in old people,and put forward prevention measures of old people temporomandibular joint dislocation. Methods: To summarized clinical data of 156 cases of old people temporomandibular joint dislocation in rencent 5 years. Discussion was directed to etiopathogenisis, methods of reposition methods and remaning,and prevention measures. Results: 112 patients were treated by extraoral reposition and 44 patients were treated by intraoral reposition, and total patients obtained satisfying effect. The occurrence of temporomandibular joint disalocation can be prevented by strenthening functional exercises of masticatory muscles and reconstructing occlusion with the help of restoring dentition loss and using occlusal derivn plate. Conclusions: Old people temporomandibular joint dislocation in old people may be associated with cerebral infarction, brain atrophy, dentition loss and decrescence of function and autonomy regulation of masticatory muscles result in wasting diseases. It is the key point of prevention to improve quality of life of old people, control and delay brain atrophy, and strengthen functional exercises of masticatory muscles and occlusal derivn exercise meanwhile.