The effect of various arm and walking conditions on postural dynamic stability when recovering from a trip perturbation |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;2. The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Development, Ottawa, Canada;1. Toronto Rehabilitation Institute–University Health Network, 550 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada;2. School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, Ontario, P1B 8L7, Canada;3. Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada;4. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada;1. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700AD Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Kinesiology, KU-Leuven, B3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland;2. Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;1. Section for Health Promotion, Department for Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan;2. Department of Community Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan;3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan;4. Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan;5. Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital,Kobe, Japan;6. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan;1. School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia;2. School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia;1. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States;2. Physical Therapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States;3. VA Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAppropriately responding to unexpected perturbations, such as a trip, is critical to sustain balance and avoid falling during walking.Research questionHow do arm motion and walking asymmetry affect postural stability when recovering from a trip perturbation?MethodsFifteen healthy young individuals, who had no experience with treadmill induced perturbations, participated in this study. The Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation Environment system (CAREN-Extended) was used to simulate unexpected perturbations while walking symmetrically and asymmetrically with various arm swings (normal, bound, released). Whole-body angular momentum (WBAM), peak trunk angular velocities, Center of Mass (COM), step width and stance time were analyzed before and when recovering from trip perturbations.ResultsParticipants were able to recover their postural stability within three strides following the sudden anterior-posterior trip perturbation. The perturbation increased peak trunk angular velocity, the COM excursion and WBAM but did not affect stance time and step width. The arm conditions had significant effects on peak trunk angular velocity, WBAM and step width during pre-perturbation. Walking conditions had a significant effect on all variables during pre-perturbation; however, post-perturbation showed significant effects only for peak trunk angular velocity, WBAM, and COM.SignificanceUnexpected perturbation had effects on most of gait variables; nevertheless, participants fully recovered and adapted their gait pattern to sudden perturbations even without using their arms while walking symmetrically and asymmetrically. Arm movements could help young individuals recover after a perturbation but are not essential for perturbations of moderate magnitude. The effect of medial-lateral perturbations on gait still need to be investigated. |
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| Keywords: | Gait Perturbation Trip Dynamic stability Accidental falls |
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