The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mental health parameters and C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;2. Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;3. Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;4. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;5. Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;6. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;7. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;1. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;2. Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;3. Endocrine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;4. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;1. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Physical Education, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin, Iran;4. Faculty Of Public Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;5. Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;6. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;1. Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida 32211, USA;2. Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA;1. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Family Health Research Center, Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute, Tehran, Iran;4. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran;1. Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;2. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran;5. Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;6. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe findings of trials investigating the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on depression, anxiety, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are inconsistent. The current meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) administration on mental health parameters and CRP levels.MethodsTwo independent authors systematically searched online databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until 30th July 2019. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included trials. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size.ResultsTwenty one trials were included in this meta-analysis. Consumption of saffron resulted in a significant reduction in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (11 studies with 12 effect size) (WMD: ?4.86; 95 % CI: ?6.58, ?3.14), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (5 studies) (WMD: ?5.29; 95 % CI: ?8.27, ?2.31) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores (3 studies with 4 effect size) (WMD: ?2.22; 95 % CI: ?2.73, ?1.72). Saffron intake did not affect Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS-A) scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrated that saffron intake significantly reduced BDI, BAI and PSQI scores, but did not affect HDRS-D, HARS-A scores and CRP levels. |
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| Keywords: | Saffron Mental health Inflammation Meta-analysis |
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