非挥发性毒物的纸层析

毒物的系统分析中,同一类或同一族的各种毒物,不能加以分离,要靠专一反应来检出与鉴别.若有两种以上同族的毒物同时存在,就不易各别检出.因此,我们应用纸析法来分离并检出各族中的各种毒物.C.Romano曾以盐酸丁醇作溶剂,用纸析法作九种有毒生物鹼的毒物定性分析;但所报告的比移值(R_f value)都很大,而且彼此很接近,因此不能分离与分别检出.A.S.Curry等曾用枸櫞酸二氢钠浸过的滤纸,以丁醇枸櫞酸作溶剂,升渗法纸层析鹼

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF NON-VOLATILE POISONS

The usual non-volatile poisons are divided into 3 groups and treated respecti- vely by ascending chromatographic method for the acidic organic poisons, by descending chromatographic method for the basic organic poisons, and Giri's method for metallic poisons, all using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. For the acidic poisons, we have separated phenacetin, salicylic acid, barbital and phenobarbital on paper treated with 3. 5% KCl, using n-octanol: ammonium hydroxide (sp. gr. 0. 88) : water=100: 7.5:100, n-octanol: cyclohexanol: ammonium hydroxide: water = 50: 50: 7.5: 100 and n-octanol: cyclohexanol: ammonium hyd- roxide: water=25: 75: 7.5: 100, as the developing solvents, with the best results ever obtained. The R_f values and visualizing reagents are listed in Tab. 1. The relations between R_f values and the proportions of n-octanol to isoamyl alcohol and of n-octanol to cyclohexanol are shown in Fig. 1, 2. For the basic organic poisons, by 7 methods prominently selected, we have got favorable results (Fig 4) using filter paper treated by acidic salts, with n- butanol and isoamyl alcohol as the solvents. The R_f values obtained by the above methods are shown in Tab. 2. Of all the 7 methods, the one using filter paper, treated by sodium dihydrogen citrate, with n-butanol: isoamyl alcohol: hydrochloric acid: water=10: 10: 2: 40 as the solvent, is considered to be the best in respect of separating 8 compounds from one another in this group. The relation between R_f values and proportions of n-butanol to isoamyl alcohol are manifested in Fig. 3. The temperature affects the R_f values and with the increase of the temperature, the R_f values of 5 out of 8 compounds increase while those of the rest, on the contrary, decrease, as shown in Fig. 6. The basic dissociation constant is one of the factors to affect R_f values in this group. For the metallic poisons, the mixture of HCl of different corcertrations with absolute alcohol as developing solvents are used and the relation of HCl of various concentrations with R, (R_fc) is shown in Fig.5. A good result from 3 N HCl: absolute alcohol =1:9 and the best result ever produced from 5 N HCl instead are shown by their R_r values in Tab. 3. In addition, we have tested pheracetin, barbital, pherobarbital, chromium and arsenic on filter paper by new or modified methods, with satisfaction.