药物成瘾与中枢结构重塑

药物成瘾是典型的经验依赖性学习记忆过程,其引起的某些行为学和心理学改变可持续终身,这种持久性的改变与成瘾性药物引起的相关神经回路的结构重塑密切相关。本文将简要地回顾并综述吗啡、苯丙胺、可卡因、尼古丁等诱发的特定脑区(如伏核,与激励动机、奖赏效应等有关;前额叶皮层,与决策和行为控制力等相关)神经元树突和树突棘的结构改变,导致突触结构重塑、功能重整。

DRUG ADDICTION AND STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Drug addiction is one of typical experience-dependent processes of learning and memory. Persistent changes in behavior and psychological function that occur as a function of experience are thought to be due to the reorganization of synaptic connections in relevant brain areas. In this review, we summarize evidence that exposure to morphine, amphetamine, cocaine, or nicotine produces persistent changes in the structure of dendrites and dendritic spines on neurons in the brain regions involved in incentive motivation and reward (such as the nucleus accumbens), and judgment and the control of behavior (such as the prefrontal cortex). It is suggested that exposure to the drugs of abuse results in synaptic plasticity in these neural circuits and then changes in function.