东莞市成人慢性病发病危险因素调查分析

目的：了解东莞市成人慢性病发病危险因素的流行特征，为制定慢性病预防和控制措施提供决策依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法，随机抽取5607名18～69岁成人常住居民进行慢性病及相关行为危险因素调查。调查数据经双人平行录入EpiData 3．1数据库，采用SPSS 17．0软件进行统计学处理，计数资料用χ2检验，显著性检验水平为0．05。采用多因素 Logistic逐步回归模型进行慢性病发病危险因素研究。结果东莞市成人居民慢性病患病率为36．1％；超重率为16．3％，肥胖率为2．1％，腹型肥胖率为3．7％；现在吸烟率和被动烟率分别为20．0％和32.4％；饮酒率为22．5％；平均每周至少3～4 d食用奶（及奶制品）和食甜类食物的居民分别占4．3％和20．1％，高烹调油饮食率为25．7％，高盐饮食者占23．7％；蔬菜和水果摄入不足率为78．9％；日静态行为时间为（3．12±1．98）h ；经常锻炼率为22．4％，不锻炼率为46．8％。多因素 Logistic逐步回归模型分析结果显示，慢性病发病的主要危险因素有：家族史、年龄、肥胖、儿童期肥胖、吸烟、酗酒、失眠、不良饮食习惯、静态时间长和缺乏体育锻炼。结论东莞市18～69岁成人常住居民主要慢性病发病危险因素水平较高，必须采取全人群策略、高危险因素人群策略和现患人群策略，创建自然环境、建成环境、政策环境和信息环境等支持性环境，实施更加有效的慢性病预防和控制。

Research on the risk factors of adult chronic diseases in Dongguan City

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of risk factors of adult chronic diseases in Dong‐guan City ,in order to provide decision‐making basis for the prevention and control of such diseases .Methods Multi‐stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to survey the chronic diseases and risk factors a‐mong 5 607 permanent residents aged 18‐69 years .Data were double parallel input into EpiData 3 .1 database and an‐alyzed with SPSS 17 .0 software .The count data were verified with χ2 test .The significance test level was 0 .05 .The risk factors were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression model .Results The prevalence rate of chronic dis‐eases among adult residents was 36 .1% ;the rate of overweight was 16 .3% ;the rte of obesity was 16 .3% ;the rate of abdominal obesity was 3 .7% ;the rates of smoking and passive smoking were 20 .0% and 32 .4% ;the rate of alco‐hol drinking was 22 .5% ;4 .3% and 20 .1% residents drinking milk (milk products) averaged at least 3‐4 d per week or eating sweet foods ;25 .7% and 23 .7% residents took high cooking‐oil food or high‐salt diet ;78 .9% residents had inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables ;the daily static behavior was 3 .12 ± 1 .98 hours;the 22 .4% residents fre‐quently exercised ;46 .8% residents never exercised .Multivariable Logistic regression model analysis showed that the risk factors for chronic diseases included family history ,age ,obesity ,smoking ,drinking ,insomnia ,bad eating habits , long static hours and lack of physical exercise .Conclusions Adult chronic diseases and risk factors remain at a high level in Dongguan City .The strategy for whole population ,high risk factor population ,and sick population should be taken to create a natural environment and to carry out more effective chronic disease prevention and control meas‐ures .