Physical,social, mental and spiritual functioning of COVID-19 intensive care unit-survivors and their family members one year after intensive care unit-discharge: A prospective cohort study |
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Affiliation: | 1. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, the Netherlands;2. University of Groningen, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Department of Comparative Study of Religion, the Netherlands;3. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anesthesiology, the Netherlands;4. Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Science Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;5. University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Spiritual Care, the Netherlands;6. TIAS School for Business and Society, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands |
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Abstract: | ObjectiveTo describe the long-term functioning of patients who survived a COVID-19-related admission to the intensive care unit and their family members, in the physical, social, mental and spiritual domain.DesignA single-centre, prospective cohort study with a mixed-methods design.SettingThe intensive care unit of the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands.Main outcome measuresTo study functioning 12 months after intensive care discharge several measurements were used, including a standardised list of physical problems, the Clinical Frailty Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey, the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire, as well as open questions and interviews with survivors and their family members.ResultsA total of 56 survivors (77%) returned the 12-month questionnaire, whose median age was 62 (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 55.0–68.0). Moreover, 67 family members (66%) returned the 12-month questionnaire, whose median age was 58 (IQR: 43–66). At least one physical problem was reported by 93% of the survivors, with 22% reporting changes in their work-status. Both survivors (84%) and their family members (85%) reported at least one spiritual need. The need to feel connected with family was the strongest. The main theme was ‘returning to normal’ in the interviews with survivors and ‘if the patient is well, I am well’ in the interviews with family members.ConclusionsOne year after discharge, both COVID-19 intensive care survivors and their family members positively evaluate their health-status. Survivors experience physical impairments, and their family members’ well-being is strongly impacted by the health of the survivor. |
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Keywords: | Aftercare COVID-19 Critical care Family Post intensive care syndrome Post intensive care syndrome-family Quality of life Spirituality Survivors |
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