护士职业紧张状况及其影响因素

目的　探讨护士职业紧张及其影响因素。方法　采用职业紧张量表 (OSI R)对某市三级、二级、一级医院护士 (护士组 ) 2 4 8例和工厂、机关、服务和商业职工 (对照组 ) 319例 ,共计 5 6 7例进行研究。结果　护士组应对资源 (131.2 6 6± 17.176 )及工作能力 (32 .5 81± 3.15 8)明显高于对照组(12 6 .931± 19.10 8、31.84 0± 4 .0 6 9) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。护士职业的主要紧张源为任务不适(RI)、责任感 (R) ,与对照组的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。护士组人际关系紧张反应明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。护士组的个体应对资源子项 (休闲、自我保健、社会支持 )均明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关 (r =0 .5 12 ,P <0 .0 1) ,与应对资源呈明显负相关 (r=- 0 .4 75 ,P <0 .0 1)。紧张反应的主要影响因素有休闲、社会支持、理性处事、任务冲突、责任感、工作环境差。结论　对护士增强社会支持、改善工作条件 ,以降低护士的职业紧张程度 ,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。

Appraisal of occupational stress and its influential factors in nurses

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occupational stress and its influential factors in nurses. METHODS: A test of occupational stress, its influential factors, work ability were carried out for 248 nurses and 319 controls with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) and work ability index (WAI). RESULTS: The scores of personal cope resource (131.266 +/- 17.176) and work ability index (32.581 +/- 3.158) in nurse group were significantly higher than those in control group (126.931 +/- 19.108, 31.840 +/- 4.069) (P < 0.05). The main occupational stressors scores (role insufficiency, role clash, and responsibility) in nurses were higher than those in controls (P < 0.05). The stress response of interpersonal relationship in nurses was also higher. The items of personal cope resource, such as recreation, self-care and social support of nurses were superior to those of controls (P < 0.05). Stress response was positively correlated with occupational role (r = 0.512, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the personal cope resource (r = -0.475, P < 0.01). The primary influential factors of personal stress were recreation, social support, rational conduct, role insufficiency, role clash, responsibility, and poor work environment. CONCLUSION: To strengthen social support, to improve work condition for nurses, so as to reduce the occupational stress and to enhance the work ability of nurses are important task in occupational health field.