Particle tracking in drug and gene delivery research: State-of-the-art applications and methods |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;3. Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;5. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;1. Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;2. Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;3. Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;4. Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK |
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| Abstract: | Particle tracking is a powerful microscopy technique to quantify the motion of individual particles at high spatial and temporal resolution in complex fluids and biological specimens. Particle tracking's applications and impact in drug and gene delivery research have greatly increased during the last decade. Thanks to advances in hardware and software, this technique is now more accessible than ever, and can be reliably automated to enable rapid processing of large data sets, thereby further enhancing the role that particle tracking will play in drug and gene delivery studies in the future. We begin this review by discussing particle tracking-based advances in characterizing extracellular and cellular barriers to therapeutic nanoparticles and in characterizing nanoparticle size and stability. To facilitate wider adoption of the technique, we then present a user-friendly review of state-of-the-art automated particle tracking algorithms and methods of analysis. We conclude by reviewing technological developments for next-generation particle tracking methods, and we survey future research directions in drug and gene delivery where particle tracking may be useful. |
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