精制锡克氏毒素人群使用效果观察及三种方法测定白喉抗毒素比较

我们发现精制白喉毒素十分稳定,用这种毒素制备的锡克氏毒素,其中和白喉抗毒素的能力恒定,符合英国药典(1980)规定,並显著地低于原制锡克氏毒素的中和力,又因其中无“类毒素”成分,故其ST的敏感性大为提高。用这种精制锡克氏毒素进行人群观察结果表明,锡克氏阳性反应及阴性反应与标准动物法测得的对应人血白喉抗毒素单位符合率分别为96.67%及90%,且无过敏反应发生。其假阳性反应与混合反应皆明显地低于用陈旧原毒素制备的锡克氏毒素。我们结果还证明,iHA试验的敏感性低于ST和动物测定,iHA试验与动物测定结果的符合率为68.83%,与ST的符合率为70.47%。

An Observation on the Effect of Purified Schick Toxin in Field Use and the Comparison of Three Methods for Detection of Diphtheria Antitoxin Level

The purified diphtheria toxin was found to be very stable. The ability of the Schick toxin prepared from it for neutralizing diphtheria antitoxin was constant and coincided with the requirement of British Pharmacopoeia (1980). Using the Schick solution we found that the corresponding rate between Schick test and rabbit intradermal neutralization test was 90-96.67% in healthy individuals and no generalized urticarial reactions occured. Because there was no "toxoid" in it, the sensitivity of the ST was increased. Its false positivity and combined reaction were significantly lower than those of the Schick toxin prepared from "aged" crude diphtheria toxin. Therfore, if our aim was only to define the sensitivity of population to diphtheria or to compare the antigenic potency of different diphtheria toxoids, the control test may be omitted.
Our result showed that the sensitivity of IHA test was lower than that of Schick test and animal test. The corresponding rates between IHA test and animal test, IHA test and ST were 68.83% and 70.4% respectively.