社会比较在媒体对女大学生身体意象影响中的作用

目的:研究媒体对女大学生身体意象的影响,以及社会比较在其中的作用。方法:受试来自于两所大学。实验一的受试为高、低社会比较特质的女生各63人。其中,高社会比较特质的受试有31人在模特意象组,30人在产品意象组。低社会比较特质的受试有30人在模特意象组,32人在产品意象组。实验二的受试为高社会比较特质的女生61人,其中采用相似性社会比较的受试30人,采用差异性社会比较的受试31人。用身体意象状态量表、身体外貌比较问卷和顾客反应问卷进行测量。结果:方差分析显示,在模特意象水平下,高社会比较组的身体意象状态量表得分高于低社会比较组[(5.54±1.05)vs.(4.73±0.92),P0.001]。回归分析进一步证明,社会比较在媒体对女性身体意象的影响中起调节作用(ΔR2=0.035,P0.01)。不同的社会比较方式对女大学生身体意象的影响不同(F=4.41,P0.05),差异性社会比较组的身体意象状态量表得分高于相似性社会比较组[(5.55±0.82)vs.(4.56±0.86)]。结论:本研究提示可利用社会比较来预防女大学生的消极身体意象。

Role of social comparison in effet of the mass media on female college students body image

Objective:To research the effect of the media on women's body image.Methods:The subjects were all from 2 colleges.The subjects of experiment 1 were 63 high and low trait social comparison female students.Among them,high trait social comparison subjects were 31 in the model image group,30 in the product image group.Low trait social comparison subjects were 30 in the model image group,32 were in the product image group.The subjects of experiment 2 were the total of 61 high trait social comparison female students.Among them,30 subjects were analyzed by similarity comparison,and 31 subjects received difference comparison.The instruments included advertisement pictures,body image states scale,the physical apperance comparion scale,and the consumer response questionnaire.Results:Analysis of variance showed that,in the model image level,the score of body image scale in high social comparison group was significantly higher than that in low social comparison group [(5.54±1.05)vs.(4.73±0.92),P<0.001].Regression analysis further showed that social comparison was moderator(ΔR~2= 0.035,P<0.01).For social comparisons mode,score of body image scale in difference comparison group was higher than that in similarity comparison group [(5.55±0.82)vs.(4.56±0.86),P<0.05].Conclusion:These findings suggested that social comparison can be used to prevent female college students' negative body images.