小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣血供的解剖观察及临床应用

目的 研究小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣的血供基础,评价该岛状皮瓣修复膝关节前区组织缺损的临床效果.方法 通过文献回顾总结,在8具16侧尸体小腿后区解剖学研究基础上,临床应用以小腿外侧腓肠浅血管和外侧腓肠皮神经为蒂的岛状筋膜皮瓣,修复膝关节前区组织缺损共10例.结果 小腿后区浅层共有外侧、中间、内侧3套腓肠浅血管系统,它们分别从膪动脉直接发出,或从两侧供养腓肠肌的腓肠动脉发出,而小腿外侧腓肠浅血管的出现率为100%.临床共应用10例,9例完全成活,1例远端1/4部分坏死,经换药后愈合.术后随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形满意,感觉良好.结论 小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣是一个血供稳定、丰富,含有丰富保护性感觉神经的皮瓣,是修复膝关节周围软组织缺损的较好方法.

Anatomy and clinical application of posterior calf fasciocutaneous flap

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the blood supply and the clinical application of the posterior calf fasciocutaneous flap for repairing the frontal defect of knee joint. METHODS: Based on the article review and the anatomical study of the posterior calf in 8 cadavers (16 sides), 10 cases with frontal defects of knee joints were repaired with island fasciocutaneous flaps which had pedicles of lateral superficial sural artery and the lateral sural nerve. RESULTS: The anatomical study showed there were three systems of superficial sural blood supply- medial, middle and lateral systems. They are originated from popliteal artery or from the bilateral sural artery. The lateral superficial sural artery was present in 100% of the cadavers. The flaps survived completely in 9 cases, except one case with partial necrosis at the one-fourth distal end of the flap. The patients were followed up for 6-12 months with good aesthetic and functional results. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior calf island fascicutaneous flap has an reliable blood supply and protective sense nerve. The flap is ideal for the reconstruction of soft tissue defect around knee joint.