In vitro and in vivo activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aloe vera</Emphasis> leaf exudate in experimental visceral leishmaniasis |
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Authors: | Avijit Dutta Debjani Sarkar Ameenah Gurib-Fakim Chitra Mandal Mitali Chatterjee |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India;(2) Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 B Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata, 700 020, India;(3) Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius;(4) Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine and Hospital, 5 Fushing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | The leishmanicidal activity of Aloe vera leaf exudate (AVL) has been demonstrated in promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, but its effectiveness in animal models
has not been evaluated. The presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, cyanidines, proanthocyanidines, tannins, and saponins in AVL
was identified. Its effectiveness in four Leishmania donovani strains was studied both in promastigotes (IC50 ranged from 70–115 μg/ml) and amastigotes (IC50 ranged from 3.1–11.4 μg/ml). In amastigotes, the killing by AVL was facilitated through its induction of nitric oxide in
leishmania-infected macrophages. The safety index was good as AVL up to 300 μg/ml remained non-toxic to monocytes and macrophages. In
a L. donovani BALB/c mouse model, oral or subcutaneous administration of AVL (15 mg/kg body weight × 5 days) reduced parasitemia by >90%
in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow without impairment of hepatic and renal functions. Collectively, we conclude that AVL
shows promising antileishmanial activity and may provide a new lead agent in the treatment of Leishmaniasis.
Chitra Mandal and Mitali Chatterjee should be considered as joint senior authors. |
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