| Abstract: | Young children and adolescents that grow up in communities where violence is epidemic face great risk for pathological development (other than being violent themselves). Because growing up in a constant state of siege and apprehension makes it difficult to establish trust, spiritual values autonomy, and social competence all children need. Practical understanding of the negative effects of anger and exposure to violence on male children are presented. Furthermore, the need for interventions that are both individual centred and environmental centred along with the notion that one intervention approach does not fit all are also advanced. Detailed recommendations for effective culturally relevant psychoeducational policy initiatives and optimal anger replacement (client-based) strategies for mental health professionals, early childhood educators and violence prevention experts are offered. |
