不同人类免疫缺陷病毒2型检测方法的比较研究

目的通过随访调查16例人类免疫缺陷病毒2型（HIV-2）可疑感染者，初步评价HIV一2的几种检测方法。方法从贵州省采集既往经HIV-1／2免疫印迹（WB）试验检测出现HIV-2指示带的16份受检者的全血样品，进行HIV-2抗体和核酸检测。血浆中的抗体用HIV-1／2ELISA初筛一复检，其中阳性样品再分别用HIV-1／2线性免疫试验（LIA）和HIV-2WB检测。外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中的前病毒DNA用HIV-2巢式PCR检测。结果16份血浆样品经HIV-1／2ELISA筛查均为HIV抗体阳性；用HIV-1／2 LIA检测，全部为HIV-1抗体阳性，15份为HIV-2抗体阴性、1份不确定；用HIV-2WB检测，有3份为HIV-2抗体阳性、13份不确定。由于这批样品的采样时间距首次检测至少1年以上，可以排除窗口期感染，上述检测结果不确定的受检者均可判为HIV-2抗体阴性。此外，用巢式PCR检测所有PBMC样品均为HIV一2核酸阴性。结论16例受检者全部为HIV-1而非HIV-2感染，HIV-1／2uA的抗体检测结果与HIV-2核酸检测结果基本相符，而HIV-2WB则产生了大量的不确定甚至假阳性结果。

A comparing study of various detection methods for human immunodeficiency virus type 2

Objective In order to compare various detection methods for human immunodeficiency virus type 2(HIV-2), 16 cases of suspected HIV-2 infections were follow-up investigated.Methods Blood samples were collected from 16 people whose sera were previously found to be HIV-2 antibody positive by using of a HIV-1/2 Western Blot (WB) assay, then analyzed for HIV-2 antibody and nucleic acid.HIV antibody in plasma was screened by HIV-1/2 ELISA.The positive samples were analyzed by a HIV-1/2 Line Immuno Assay(LIA)and a HIV-2 WB, respectively.Proviral DNA in PBMC was detected by HIV-2 specific nested PCR.Results All of the 16 plasma samples were HIV antibody positive by HIV-1/2 ELISA.Using the HIV-1/2 LIA, all samples were HIV-1 antibody positive; 15 were HIV-2 antibody negative and one indeterminate.Using the HIV-2 WB, 3 samples were HIV-2 antibody positive and 13 indeterminate.Since these samples were collected after more than one year following the first tests, peoples with the above indeterminate results were considered to be HIV-2 antibody negative.In addition, all the PBMC samples were negative for HIV-2 by nested PCR.Conclusions All of the 16 suspected HIV-2 infections are infected only with HIV-1.The results of the HIV-1/2 LIA were well concordant with those of HIV-2 specific nested PCR, but the HIV-2 WB produces a number of indeterminate results and some false-positive ones.