经头静脉放置起搏电极导线手术方式的改进及临床意义

目的探索经胸横切口暴露头静脉及使用导引钢丝、静脉鞘管引导放置起搏电极导线的成功率及临床意义.方法 220例具备起搏治疗指征的病人,在右上外侧胸部做横切口分离头静脉,当经该静脉直接送入起搏电极导线有困难时,在导引钢丝及静脉鞘管的引导下送入电极导线.如果经以上方法均不能顺利放置电极导线,则经切口内穿刺锁骨下静脉送入电极导线.起搏器埋藏在头静脉切口内侧的皮下囊袋内.结果横切口同样能良好地暴露头静脉.此外,当需要经锁骨下静脉穿刺时,直接经该切口内穿刺不但方便,而且减少创伤.直接经头静脉放置单腔及双腔起搏器电极导线的成功率分别为71%及58%,加用导引钢丝及静脉鞘管后成功率分别提高到94%及88%(P值均<0.01).结论经胸做横切口分离头静脉结合使用导引钢丝及静脉鞘管技术可显著性提高经头静脉放置起搏电极的成功率,减少锁骨下静脉穿刺及相应的并发症,并方便起搏器的放置.

Modified cephalic venous approach facilitates permanent pacing leads implantation

Objective To investigate the feasibility of exposing cephalic vein with horizontal incision on the chest and the successful rate of implanting pacing leads using guide wire and split sheath. Methods Right cephalic vein was separated with horizontal incision on the right lateral upper part of chest in 220 patients with permanent pacing indication. The pacing lead was advanced through the cephalic vein directly or by using a guidewire and a split sheath if the direct approach was unsuccessful. The subclavian venous puncture through the incision was used finally to implant the endocardial lead when the cephalic approach failed. All pacemakers were placed in the subcutaneous package at the inner part of the incision. Results Cephalic vein was well exposed with horizontal incision. Additionally, it is safe and convenient to puncture the subclavian vein through this incision. The successful rate of implanting pacing leads directly through cephalic vein was only 71% with single lead and 58% with dual pacing leads, respectively. However, it increased to 94% with single lead and 88% ( P <0.01 each) under the guidance of a wire and a sheath. Conclusion It is feasible to explore cephalic vein with horizontal incision. This incision can also be used to puncture subclavian vein and place the pacemakers. The successful rate of placing pacing leads through the modified technique was increased significantly with a reduction of the subclavian venous puncture and its relavent complications.