劈离式供肝儿童肝移植门静脉并发症的诊断与治疗

目的  探讨劈离式供肝儿童肝移植门静脉并发症的诊断及治疗策略。 方法  回顾性分析接受劈离式肝移植的88例儿童受者的临床资料。术中根据受者门静脉内径、发育情况，利用门静脉左右分支处进行吻合或间置供者髂静脉搭桥吻合，围手术期采用规范化的门静脉血流监测，术后按肝素钠桥接华法林的方案进行抗凝治疗。经增强CT或门静脉造影确诊门静脉狭窄或血栓形成后，予切开取栓、全身抗凝、介入下取栓、球囊扩张和（或）支架置入等处理。 结果  88例受者中共10例患儿确诊门静脉并发症，其中4例门静脉狭窄，确诊时间分别为术后1 d、2个月、8个月、11个月，6例门静脉血栓形成，确诊时间分别为术中、术后2 d、术后3 d（2例）、术后6 d、术后11个月。1例门静脉狭窄者和1例门静脉血栓形成者于围手术期死亡，门静脉并发症相关病死率为2%（2/88）。其余8例患者中，1例行全身抗凝治疗、2例行门静脉切开取栓术、1例行介入下球囊扩张、4例行介入下球囊扩张及支架置入，术后均长期随访，未再出现门静脉相关症状，复查门静脉血流参数正常。 结论  规范化的术中及术后门静脉血流监测有助于早期发现门静脉并发症，及时采取术中门静脉切开取栓，术后介入下球囊扩张、支架置入等手段可有效治疗门静脉并发症，减少门静脉并发症导致的移植物丢失和受者死亡。

Diagnosis and treatment of the portal vein complications for children undergoing spilt liver transplantation

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment strategy of the portal vein complications in children undergoing split liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 88 pediatric recipients who underwent split liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative anastomosis at the bifurcating site of the portal vein or donor iliac vein bypass anastomosis was performed depending on the internal diameter and development of the recipient's portal vein. A normalized portal venous blood stream monitoring was performed during the perioperative stage. After operation, heparin sodium was used to bridge warfarin for anticoagulation therapy. After portal vein stenosis or thrombosis was identified with enhanced CT or portography, managements including embolectomy, systemic anticoagulation, interventional thrombus removal, balloon dilatation and/or stenting were performed. Results Among the 88 recipients, a total of 10 children were diagnosed with portal vein complications, of which 4 cases were diagnosed with portal vein stenosis at 1 d, 2 months, 8 months, and 11 months after surgery, and 6 cases were diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis at intraoperative, 2 d, 3 d (n=2), 6 d, and 11 months after surgery, respectively. One patient with portal vein stenosis and one patient with portal vein thrombosis died perioperatively. The fatality related to portal vein complications was 2% (2/88). Of the remaining 8 patients, 1 underwent systemic anticoagulation, 2 underwent portal venous embolectomy, 1 underwent interventional balloon dilatation, and 4 underwent interventional balloon dilatation plus stenting. No portal venous related symptoms were detected during postoperative long term follow up, and the retested portal venous blood stream parameters were normal. Conclusions The normalized intra- and post-operative portal venous blood stream monitoring is a useful tool for the early detection of portal vein complications, the early utilization of useful managements such as intraoperative portal venous embolectomy, interventional balloon dilatation and stenting may effectively treat the portal vein complications, thus minimizing the portal vein complication related graft loss and recipient death.