三级淋巴结构在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

三级淋巴结构（tertiary lymphoid structures，TLS）是指在病理生理环境下，淋巴细胞在非淋巴器官内聚集形成的有组织的异位淋巴结构。成熟的TLS包括被T细胞包围的B细胞区域和生发中心，普遍存在于多个瘤种中，是肿瘤细胞与免疫细胞相互作用的重要场所，与患者预后密切相关。因此，诱导形成TLS，使T细胞和B细胞发育分化为能够识别杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应细胞和记忆细胞，可以介导抗肿瘤免疫反应。本综述主要介绍了TLS的组成成分和形成过程，总结归纳现有的检测手段，强调了TLS不同成熟度、位置和内部组成等特征对肿瘤免疫疗效的影响和预测价值，并探讨诱导TLS作为肿瘤治疗手段的应用潜能。

Control of CD8 T-cell infiltration into tumors by vasculature and microenvironment

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized ectopic lymphoid tissues formed by lymphocyte aggregation in pathological environments. Mature TLS, including B-cell regions surrounded by T cells and germinal centers, have been identified in a wide variety of tumors. TLS offer sites of interaction between cancer cells and immune system cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and are closely associated with patient prognosis. It is thus necessary to induce TLS formation to allow T and B cells to develop and differentiate into effector and memory cells that recognize and kill cancer cells, and mediate anti-tumor immune responses. This review focuses on TLS formation and composition, and summarizes and compares existing techniques. We also emphasize the potential predictive roles of TLS development, location, and internal components as biomarkers of response to immunotherapy, and potential therapeutic strategies that induce TLS formation.