2017年北京市东城区中小学生营养知识及饮食行为现状

目的为了解和掌握北京市东城区中小学生营养相关认知和饮食行为的现状,制定营养教育、营养干预策略从而改善辖区中小学生营养状况。方法采用PPS(规模比例抽样)、两阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取746名中小学生,进行营养知识和饮食行为的自填式问卷调查。结果调查全部答题得分折合为百分制,全部调查者得分平均值为55.27±22.98。22.3%的被调查学生认为自己现在的营养和食品安全知识足够。76.0%的学生能够每天吃早餐,能否每日吃早餐受到学段、是否住宿和父母学历的影响。32.7%的学生从不剩饭,是否剩饭与学段、性别有关系。学生经常喝的饮料前三位为:鲜榨果汁/蔬菜汁、无碳酸含糖饮料和碳酸饮料;30.0%的人每周喝4次以上。经常吃的零食前三位为:水果、面包饼干和奶制品。结论东城区学生营养相关知识还欠缺,每日早餐率和剩饭情况需要改善,饮料和零食的选择需要正确引导;卫生与教育部门需要开展社会、家庭和学校全方位的营养健康促进工作,提高中小学生的健康素养。

Nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of primary and middle school students in Dongcheng district of Beijing in 2017

Objective To investigate the current situation of students’nutrition related cognition and dietary behaviors in Dongcheng district,and to promote nutrition education and intervention strategies to improve the nutrition status of middle and primary school students in the district.Methods 746 primary and middle school students were selected by PPS(scale proportional sampling)and two-stage stratified cluster random sampling was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to survey the nutrition related knowledge and dietary behaviors.Results All the entries in this survey were converted into a percentage system,and the average score of all respondents was 55.27±22.98.22.3% of the students surveyed considered themselves with adequate knowledge of nutrition and food safety.76.0% of the students reported having breakfast every day.The frequency of breakfast was related to grades,school boarding,and the education background of parents.32.7% of the students never had leftovers,which was related to grades and gender.The top three popular beverages are:fresh fruit juice/vegetable juice,carbonate-free sugared beverage and carbonate beverage.30.0% of students have beverage more than four times a week.The top three supplementary food is:fruit,bread cookies and dairy products.Conclusions Nutrition knowledge of students in Dongcheng district is still limited.The rates of daily breakfast and leftovers need to be improved.And beverage and supplementary food selection need to be scientifically guided.The authorities of health and education need to carry out diversified nutrition and health promotions in society,families and schools to improve the health literacy of primary and secondary school students.