2018年陕西省市政供水消毒现状

目的了解陕西省2018年城市市政供水水质消毒状况和微生物指标污染情况,为改善城市生活饮用水水质提供依据。方法收集2018年陕西省城市市政供水水质监测数据,参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对消毒剂余量、消毒副产物和微生物指标达标率进行分析。结果2018年陕西省市政供水微生物指标整体达标率为91.66%,消毒剂余量达标率为93.56%;地下水水质微生物指标整体达标率高于地面水(χ^2=30.625,P<0.001),消毒剂余量达标率也高于地面水(χ^2=6.456,P=0.011);出厂水中消毒剂余量达标率低于末梢水(χ^2=41.091,P<0.001)和二次供水(χ^2=20.999,P<0.001);消毒剂余量达标的水厂微生物指标达标率较高(χ^2=83.022,P<0.001);消毒副产物中,亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳达标率分别为98.33%、99.38%、99.81%和100.00%。结论影响陕西省城市生活饮用水水质微生物指标达标率的主要因素是消毒剂余量。建议政府持续加大管理力度,督促供水单位加强水质净化消毒,规范消毒程序,确保消毒剂投放充足、适量。

The disinfection status of drinking water in municipal water supply in Shaanxi in 2018

Objective To understand the water disinfection status and microbial pollution of the municipal water supply in Shaanxi in 2018,and provide a basis for improving the quality of drinking water in urban areas.Methods The monitoring data of water quality of municipal water supply in Shaanxi in 2018 were collected,and the residual amount of disinfectants,disinfection by-products and microbial indicators were analyzed according to the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water(GB5749-2006).Results In 2018,the overall qualification rate of microbiological indicators for municipal water supply in shaanxi was 91.66%,and the qualification rate of disinfectant residue was 93.56%.The overall qualification rate of microbial index and disinfectant residue in groundwater were higher than those in surface water(χ^2=30.625,P<0.001;χ^2=6.456,P=0.011);The standard reaching rate of disinfectant in the factory water is lower than that in the final water and secondary water supply(χ^2=20.999,χ^2=41.091,P<0.001);The microbiological index of the finished water with qualified remaining amount of disinfectant is up to standard(χ^2=83.022,P<0.001);Among the disinfection by-products,the qualified rates of chlorite,chlorate,chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were 98.33%,99.38%,99.81%and 100.00%,respectively.Conclusions The main factor influencing the microbial index of drinking water quality in Shaanxi is the residual amount of disinfectant.It is suggested that the government should continue to strengthen management,urge water supply units to strengthen water purification and disinfection,standardize disinfection procedures,and ensure adequate and appropriate dosage of disinfectants.