城乡生殖道感染妇女利用卫生服务的调查

目的：研究社会心理因素对自述有生殖道感染症状的妇女利用卫生服务的影响。方法：采用Aday和Andersen的社会行为模式，于1998－1999年在河北省发迁县和北京市，对有生殖道感染症状的已婚妇女共864例进行横断面调查。结果：城市和农村已婚妇女自述有生殖道感染症状的发生率分别为35．6％和46．8％，自述有生殖道感染症状的妇女的就诊率分别为2．5％和26．7％。logistic回归分析显示：在自述有生殖道感染症状的城市妇女中，干部组、医疗付费方式为公费者、本次患病严重既往看病医生提供的信息多且医生服务态度好者，出现生殖道感染症状后利用卫生服务的可能性大。在自述有生殖道感染症状的农村妇女中，自我治疗生殖道感染方面的知识水平高，自我感觉患者生殖道感染后社会对他们无不良看法，认为生殖道感染很严重、家庭收入高、既往生殖道感染的症状严重、本次患严重者，出现生殖道感染症状后利用卫生服务的可能性大。结论：很有很必要针对城乡妇女，开展不同形式的健康教育，提高妇女对生殖道感染疾病的认识，提高妇女的自我保健意识，并且应对妇女定期进行体格检查。

Utilization of health service in women with reproductive tract infections in urban and rural areas

Objective To provide insight on psychosocial factors underlying utilization of health services of women whom perceived reproductive tract infection (RTI) symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study, adopted Aday and Andersen's Social Behaviour Model was conducted in 1998-1999 in China. Hebei province and Beijing were purposively chosen as the research sites. All eligible married women aged 21 to 60, 864 subjects, were interviewed in person. Results Findings showed that the percentage of self-reported symptoms of RTIs was 35.6 in urban compared to 46.8 in the rural areas. The proportion of women with RTIs who utilized health services was 27.5 versus 26.7 percent among the two groups. Urban women, mostly 'white collar' class, with free medical service, satisfied with health providers, receiving information from health provider and having severe current experience RTIs, were more likely to use health services. Rural women, however, having both severe prior experience and current experience of RTIs, high family income, having much knowledge about self-medication,perceiving less social stigma of getting RTIs, and perceiving severity of RTIs,were more likely to use health services. Conclusion These findings showed that there was a great need on providing culturally acceptable reproductive health education at different places so as to improve women's ability of self-care. Regular medical check-up for women is also important for improving the quality of health service. Reform on health insurance seemed necessary. Factors as social stigma related to RTIs, giving women social and moral support also need to be taken into account.