人类白细胞抗原G及其诱导母胎免疫耐受机制

人类白细胞抗原G属于非经典的人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ类分子,有特殊的分子结构和遗传学特性,特异性地表达在绒毛外滋养细胞层,受白细胞介素10、干扰素β等因子的调节。通过抑制自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性,诱导T细胞免疫偏离,提高细胞毒性T细胞的敏感性,诱导胎盘绒毛膜组织表达HLA-E分子,抑制抗原提呈细胞成熟等途径诱导和维持母亲对胎儿的免疫耐受。与不明原因不孕、反复自然流产、妊娠期高血压、胎儿宫内发育迟缓等疾病密切相关。本文就人类白细胞抗原G的生物学特性及其诱导母胎免疫耐受的机制予以综述。

Human Leukocyte Antigen G and Its Function in Maternal-fetal Immue Tolerance

Human leukocyte antigen G is a non-classical human leukocyte antigen I molecule. It has the specially molecular constitution and genetic characteristic, and is found specially expressed in extravinous cytotrophiblast. It is adjusted by interleukin 10 and interferon beta, etc. It can induce T cell immune deviation by restraining the activity of natural killer,increase the sensitivity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte, induce the expression of HLA-E in the placental villus tissues and inhibit maturation of antigen presenting cells. Human leukocyte antigen G can induce and maintain maternal-fetal immune tolerance through these ways. It has a great related to unexplained infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation and so on. This article reviewed human leukocyte antigen G＇s biological characters and mechanism of maternal-fetal immune tolerance.