1997～2003年某铁路局职工工伤流行病学调查

目的]研究某铁路局工伤的分布特点、发生原因及规律。方法]对某铁路局所属4个分局1997年至2003年间发生的工伤事故进行回顾性调查，资料用Access 2000建立数据库，使用SPSS 11．5 for Windows统计分析。结果]工伤粗发生率为23．68／10万，致死工伤粗发生率为3．17／10万。伤害的月份分布中以5月（13．4％）较高，1月份（4．2％）最低。不同时间段的工伤发生率以8：00～10：00最高（28．8％），其次为13：00～15：00（23．0％），有集中于上班后0～1h的倾向。工伤以车辆伤害（31．0％）和高处坠落（16．9％）为主，而违章操作（61.3％）是其主要原因。在调查的10个工种中，工伤在调车工人和机车车辆钳工中的发生率较高，分别为61／10万、59．8／10万。结论]应加强生产安全教育和管理，采取切实可行的措施控制和减少工伤事故的发生。

Investigation of Occupational Injuries in Workers Administered by a Railway Bureau from 1997-2003

Objective] To clarify the distribution characteristics, causes and trend of occupational injuries in workers administered by four railway subbureaus. Methods ] A retrospective epidemiological investigation on occupational injuries was carried out from 1997 to 2003. The database was set up by Access 2000 and analyzed by SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Results ]The crude incidence rate of occupational injuries was 23.68/105 during the period and the crude mortality rate of occupational injuries was 3.17/105. The injuries more occurred in May ( 13.4% ) and the least were in January ( 4.2% ). The injuries tended to occur at daytime 8:00-10:00 (28.8% ) and 13:00-15:00( 23.0% ), especially 0-1 hour after workers started work. The major types of the injuries were vehicle injuries ( 31.0% ) and falls ( 16.9% ). The main cause of the injury was violation of operating regulations ( 61.3% ). In the 10 types of work, the injuries were mainly occurred in train dispatchers ( 61/105 ) and locomotive locksmiths ( 59.8/105). Conclusion ] The control and reduction of incidence of the occupational injuries, preventive measures should be focused on work safety management and education.