Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Systemic autoimmune diseases that are resistant to conventional treatment cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Although aggressive new approaches to treating autoimmune diseases have been developed over the past decade, there are still patients with a severe, progressive, and life-threatening course. Based on animal studies and experience in the treatment of hematological disorders with preexisting autoimmune disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been proposed for the treatment of severe autoimmune diseases. Immunoablation and subsequent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using CD34⁺ hematopoietic cells with T cell depletion have been used for selected severe autoimmune diseases at many institutes in Australia, Europe, and the United States. However, it is necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of this therapy compared with conventional and other newly emerging therapies.