宁夏地区2019年6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况与身体素质关系

  目的  了解2019年宁夏6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况和身体素质情况，为提高儿童青少年身体素质、健康水平提供科学依据。  方法  在宁夏地区采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取16 076名6~18岁儿童青少年，测量体重、身高、身体素质指标(50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈)，分析营养状况和身体素质情况，用χ2检验比较组间差距，用Logistic回归分析营养状况与身体素质的关系。  结果  2019年宁夏地区6~18岁儿童青少年消瘦率为6.9%、超重率为12.6%、肥胖率为8.7%；坐位体前屈、50 m跑、立定跳远的不及格率分别为10.0%，8.6%，26.7%，及格率分别为63.5%，63.7%，55.5%，良好率分别为14.7%，11.7%，12.3%，优秀率分别为11.8%，16.0%，5.5%；消瘦组坐位体前屈、50 m跑、立定跳远及格及以上率低于体重正常组；超重组50 m跑、立定跳远及格及以上率低于体重正常组；肥胖组坐位体前屈、50 m跑、立定跳远及格及以上率低于体重正常组(OR值分别为0.75，0.72，0.77；0.79，0.52；0.73，0.52，0.32，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  2019年宁夏儿童青少年存在消瘦和超重肥胖的双重负担，身体素质与营养状况存在相关性，可以通过控制消瘦和超重肥胖来提高身体素质。

Relationship between BMI nutritional status and physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019

  Objective  To understand the nutritional status and physical quality of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for health promotion children and adolescents.  Methods  A total of 16 076 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old from Ningxia were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Weight, height and physical fitness indexes (50 m running, standing long jump, sitting forward flexion) were measured and analyzed. The Chi-square test was carried out to compare differences between groups, and the relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness was assessed by Logistic regression models.  Results  In 2019, detection rate of stunting loss rate, overweight and obesity rate of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia were 6.9%, 12.6% and 8.7%, respectively. The below-average rates of sitting forward flexion, 50 m running and standing long jump were 10.0%, 8.6% and 26.7%, respectively, while the passing rates were 63.5%, 63.7% and 55.5%, respectively. The good rates were 14.7%, 11.7% and 12.3%, and the excellent rates were 11.8%, 16.0% and 5.5%, respectively. The passing rates of sitting forward flexion, 50 m running and standing long jump in stunting group were lower than those in the normal weight group (OR=0.75, 0.72, 0.77, P < 0.05); the passing rates of 50 m run and standing long jump in the overweight group was lower than that of normal weight group (OR=0.79, 0.52, P < 0.05); the passing rates of sitting forward flexion, 50 m running and standing long jump in the obese group were lower than those in the normal weight group (OR=0.73, 0.52, 0.32, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  In 2019, children and adolescents in Ningxia have the doublel burden of stunting, overweight and obesity. Physical fitness is associated with nutritional status, suggesting weight control might be helpful to keep fitness among children and adolescents.