四川省自贡市主要媒介蚊虫密度及其对杀虫剂抗药性监测

目的 了解自贡市媒介蚊虫的种群构成、密度及季节变化规律,并对自贡市致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊对常见杀虫剂的抗药性测定,为科学选择和使用杀虫剂,防控蚊媒传染病提供科学依据。方法 在全市范围内采集致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊,经实验室饲养后,采用成蚊接触筒法分别测定试虫对几种常用杀虫剂的抗药性,利用Excel 2010软件对2018—2020年自贡市媒介蚊虫监测数据进行统计分析。结果 2018—2020年自贡市监测点年均蚊密度分别为1.11、10.71、4.81只/（灯·h）,2018—2020年自贡市全年蚊密度季节消长趋势均呈现单峰型,7月最高,不同生境间蚊密度差异明显,牲畜棚蚊密度最高。白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊对高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷、毒死蜱、残杀威、噁虫威24 h致死率分别为70.71%和3.85%、26.53%和1.68%、19.79%和1.94%、40.80%和0.81%、97.98%和3.85%、100.00%和7.52%、100.00%和66.34%、96.15%和33.60%、100.00%和71.43%。白纹伊蚊对高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯产生抗药性,对马拉硫磷、残杀威产生可疑抗性,对毒死蜱、杀螟硫磷、噁虫威敏感;致倦库蚊对所有杀虫剂均产生不同程度的抗药性。结论 白纹伊蚊、致倦库蚊对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂均产生较高抗药性。应加强爱国卫生运动,减少拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的使用,轮换使用不同类型的杀虫剂,以延缓抗药性的产生,提高蚊密度控制效果。

Monitoring density of mosquitoes and resistance of major vector mosquitoes to insecticides in Zigong,Sichuan

Objective To investigate the population densities composition and seasonal change of mosquitoes, and resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus several commonly used insecticides in Zigong, so as to provide a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific rational selection and use of chemical insecticides, as well as the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data on mosquitoes by traps were collected from 2018 to 2020 in Zigong. The wild Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus were collected throughout the city and reared to F₁ generation in lab. The resistance of adult Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus to these commonly insecticides was detected by contact tube method recommended. The statistical analysis on the monitoring results was used by Excel 2010. Results The annual average mosquito densities of monitoring sites were 1.11, 10.71, and 4.81 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), respectively from 2018 to 2020. The seasonal density of mosquitoes showed a single peak curve distribution throughout the year from 2018 to 2020 in Zigong, with the highest in July. There were obvious differences in mosquito density between different habitats, with the highest density of mosquitoes in barn. The 24 h mortality of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, propoxur, and bendiocarb were 70.71% and 3.85%, 26.53% and 1.68%, 19.79% and 1.94%, 40.80% and 0.81%, 97.98% and 3.85%, 100.00% and 7.52%, 100.00% and 66.34%, 96.15% and 33.60%, 100.00% and 71.43%, respectively. The adult Aedes albopictus larvae in Zigong was sensitive to fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, bendiocarb, showed resistance to beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and showed resistance dubiously to malathion and propoxur. The adult Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae in Zigong have developed certain resistance to these commonly insecticides. Conclusion Both Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus had high resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which suggested that we should strengthen the patriotic hygiene campaigns, reduce pyrethroid insecticides, use alternately different types of insecticides for delay the development of resistance and better mosquito prevention and control.