海南省2017—2021年白纹伊蚊监测结果分析

目的 掌握海南省2017—2021年白纹伊蚊幼虫和成蚊的密度变化和季节性消长规律,为当地登革热等虫媒传染病的防控措施提供科学依据。 方法 采用布雷图指数法监测伊蚊幼虫,检查记录室内外所有小型积水容器及其幼蚊孳生情况;采用双层叠帐法和诱蚊灯法监测成蚊。 结果 海南省2017—2021年共捕获白纹伊蚊雌蚊成蚊1 962只,占捕获蚊虫总数的2.17%。不同年份不同生境蚊种构成差异有统计学意义（χ²=312.258,P<0.01）。2017年牲畜棚的蚊密度最高,平均为9.71只/（灯·夜）,但白纹伊蚊的构成比最低,为1.29%;2020年医院的蚊密度最低,为2.22只/（灯·夜）,2019年居民区和医院的白纹伊蚊占全部蚊虫构成比最高,平均为3.27%。不同生境下蚊密度均在2020年最低;2017—2021年居民区和牲畜棚的白纹伊蚊构成比呈上升趋势,其余生境呈现明显的波动性,其中医院的构成比在2020年呈现明显的下降趋势。2017—2021年监测的平均蚊密度分别为5.97、4.26、3.82、3.39、3.68只/（灯·夜）,除2021年外,呈逐年递减趋势;帐诱指数除2019年外,也呈递减趋势,平均值为1.5只/（小时·顶）,呈逐年递减趋势;2017—2021年海南省白纹伊蚊年平均密度为0.09只/（灯·夜）,呈现较为明显的季节性波动;2017—2021年的布雷图指数整体上呈下降趋势,下降幅度较为缓慢,且每年的高峰在6—8月之间,均比成蚊密度高峰晚1~2个月。结论 海南省白纹伊蚊种群密度有明显的季节性特征,应根据蚊虫季节性特点开展蚊虫防治活动,以降低登革热等传染病发生风险。

Analysis of surveillance results of Aedes albopictus in Hainan, 2017-2021

Objective To understand the density changes and seasonal fluctuation of larvae and adults of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever and other vector-borne diseases in Hainan Province. Methods The Breteau index method was used to monitor the larvae of Aedes mosquitoes, and the breeding sites of all small indoor and outdoor water containers and their larvae was checked and recorded. The adult mosquitoes were monitored by double lamination and light trap. Results A total of 1 962 adult female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were captured in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 2.17% of the total captured mosquitoes. There were significant differences in mosquito species composition in different habitats in different years (χ²=312.258, P<0.01). In 2017, the density of mosquitoes in livestock sheds was the highest (9.71 per lamp·night), but the composition ratio of Aedes albopictus was the lowest (1.29%). In 2020, the mosquito density in hospitals was the lowest (2.22 mosquitoes per lamp·night), and in 2019, the proportion of Aedes albopictus in residential areas and hospitals was the highest (3.27% on average).The mosquito density in different habitats was the lowest in 2020. The proportion of Aedes albopictus in residential areas and livestock sheds showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2021, while the proportion of other habitats showed significant fluctuations. The proportion of Aedes albopictus in hospitals showed an obvious decreasing trend in 2020. From 2017 to 2021, the average mosquito density was 5.97, 4.26, 3.82, 3.39 and 3.68 mosquitoes per lamp·night, respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year except 2021. Except for 2019, the lure index also showed a decreasing trend, with an average value of 1.5/(hour·net), showing a decreasing trend year by year. From 2017 to 2021, the annual average density of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province was 0.09 mosquitoes per lamp·night, showing obvious seasonal fluctuation. The Breteau index showed a slow decline from 2017 to 2021, and its annual peak was between June and August, which was 1-2 months later than the peak of adult mosquito density. Conclusions The population density of Aedes albopictus in Hainan shows obvious seasonal characteristics. Mosquito control activities should be carried out according to the seasonal characteristics of mosquitoes to reduce the risk of dengue fever and other infectious diseases.