6周颈部离心训练对大学生颈部功能的影响

  目的  探讨6周颈部离心训练对大学生颈部功能的影响，为通过运动疗法改善不良姿势及预防颈椎病的发生提供依据。  方法  招募山西省某医学院52名大二学生，按性别分层后采用随机数字表法分为颈部离心训练干预组和对照组(各26名)，干预组每次训练时间25 min，每周3次，共进行6周，对照组进行健康宣教。分别于训练前和训练后，测试颈部围度、力量、活动度、耐力、头颈姿势。  结果  颈部前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右旋转力量交互作用均有统计学意义(F值分别为34.25，55.96，56.49，37.13，P值均 < 0.05)，6周后干预组力量为前屈(65.37±18.64)N、后伸(87.61±21.38)N、左侧屈(55.80±12.04)N、右侧屈(55.87±11.83)N，对照组力量为前屈(45.69±9.25)N、后伸(53.34±9.45)N、左侧屈(41.60±6.96)N、右侧屈(42.20±9.92)N，干预组高于对照组(t值分别为4.82，7.48，5.21，4.52，P值均 < 0.01)。颈部前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右旋转活动度交互效应均有统计学意义(F值分别为11.62，8.83，8.29，6.57，P值均 < 0.05)，6周后干预组颈部活动度前屈(53.54±7.28)°、后伸(57.42±7.37)°、左侧屈(40.77±4.14)°、右旋转(85.12±6.35)°，对照组相应活动度为(45.35±9.55)°、(50.85±7.56)°、(37.19±5.86)°、(76.15±7.86)°，干预组高于对照组(t值分别为3.48，3.18，2.54，4.52，P值均 < 0.05)。颈围、右侧屈和左旋转活动度、颈部耐力、头前伸角度的时间主效应均有统计学意义(F值分别为15.79，13.94，35.90，10.17，8.61，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  6周颈部离心训练可显著提升大学生颈部力量和关节活动度，对颈围、颈部耐力、头前伸姿势有改善作用。

Effect of 6-week neck eccentric training on neck function of college students

  Objective  To investigate the effect of cervical eccentric training on neck function of college students, and to provide basis for cervical spondylosis prevention.  Methods  Fifty-two students from a medical college in Shanxi Province were recruited. Participants were divided into the neck eccentric training intervention group and the control group according to the random number table method, after stratified by sex. The intervention group received training for 25 min each time, 3 times a week for 6 weeks, and the control group received neck health education. Neck circumference, strength, range of motion, endurance and head and neck posture were measured before and after intervention.  Results  The interaction of strength anterior flexion, extension left fiexion and right flexion was significant(F=34.25, 55.96, 56.49, 37.13, P < 0.05). After 6 weeks, the strength of the intervention group was anterior flexion(65.37±18.64)N, extension(87.61±21.38)N, left flexion(55.80±12.04)N, right flexion(55.87±11.83)N. After 6 weeks, the strength of the control group were (45.69±9.25), (53.34±9.45), (41.60±6.96) and(42.20±9.92)N, which were significantly lower compared to the intervention group(t=4.82, 7.48, 5.21, 4.52, P < 0.01). The interaction of motion of anterior flexion, extension, left flexion and right flexion were significant(F=11.62, 8.83, 8.29, 6.57, P < 0.05). After 6 weeks, the motion of intervention group had anterior flexion(53.54±7.28)°, extension(57.42±7.37)°, left flexion(40.77±4.14)°, right flexion(85.12±6.35)°. The corresponding motion levels of the control group were(45.35±9.55)°, (50.85±7.56)°, (37.19±5.86)°, (76.15±7.86)°. The intervention group was significantly higher than the control group(t=3.48, 3.18, 2.54, 4.52, P < 0.05). Main effects on time were observed in neck circumference, right flexion and left rotation motion, neck endurance and head extension angle(F=15.79, 13.94, 35.90, 10.17, 8.61, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Six-week neck eccentric training can significantly improve neck strength and range of motion, as well as neck circumference, neck endurance and head forward posture.